Nursing Elites

1. Which organ system is most responsible for maintaining control of body temperature?

• A. The skeletal system.
• B. The circulatory system.
• C. The immune system.
• D. The muscular system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in maintaining control of body temperature through a process called thermoregulation. Blood vessels near the skin surface dilate to dissipate heat when the body is too warm and constrict to reduce heat loss when it's too cold. Additionally, the circulatory system helps distribute heat produced from metabolic processes throughout the body to keep a stable internal temperature. The skeletal system provides structural support, the immune system defends against pathogens, and the muscular system is responsible for movement, but they are not primarily involved in regulating body temperature.

2. Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

• A. Artery
• B. Vein
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vein. Veins carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body, functioning as the vessels that return blood to the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, responsible for maintaining fluid balance and aiding in immunity. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly relates to the blood flow back to the heart.

3. What is the name for the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Fission
• D. Binary fission

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Fission refers to the division of a single-celled organism into two separate organisms, while binary fission specifically describes the division of prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Mitosis as it accurately represents the process of a cell dividing into two daughter cells.

4. What is the primary function of the mucous membrane lining the muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach?

• A. Secretion of digestive enzymes
• B. Absorption of nutrients
• C. Lubrication and protection
• D. Storage of bile

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of the mucous membrane lining the muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach is to provide lubrication and protection. This mucous membrane serves to protect the esophageal lining from damage caused by the passage of food and liquids. It also aids in facilitating the smooth passage of food from the mouth to the stomach by lubricating it, ensuring easier movement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the mucous membrane does not secrete digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, or store bile. Its main role is primarily related to lubricating and protecting the lining of the tube.

5. Where is the primary site for nutrient absorption from digested food in the human digestive system?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Large intestine
• C. Small intestine
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food occurs. The walls of the small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. Nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream to be transported to cells throughout the body for energy and other functions. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and plays a role in swallowing, not nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter after the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. The stomach mainly functions in the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food through muscular contractions and the secretion of digestive enzymes.

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