Nursing Elites

1. Which organ system is most responsible for maintaining control of body temperature?

• A. The skeletal system.
• B. The circulatory system.
• C. The immune system.
• D. The muscular system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in maintaining control of body temperature through a process called thermoregulation. Blood vessels near the skin surface dilate to dissipate heat when the body is too warm and constrict to reduce heat loss when it's too cold. Additionally, the circulatory system helps distribute heat produced from metabolic processes throughout the body to keep a stable internal temperature. The skeletal system provides structural support, the immune system defends against pathogens, and the muscular system is responsible for movement, but they are not primarily involved in regulating body temperature.

2. What is the sensory threshold?

• A. The smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel a sensation
• B. The amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel pain
• C. The amount of stimulus required to cause an individual to move away from the stimulus
• D. The place from which the stimulus is coming

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The sensory threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to perceive or feel a sensation. It is the minimum level of stimulus intensity that is detectable by an individual. Choice B is incorrect because the sensory threshold is not specifically related to feeling pain but rather to perceiving any sensation. Choice C is incorrect as the sensory threshold is about perception and not necessarily physical reaction. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the source of the stimulus, not the threshold for perception.

3. Epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces, is further classified based on the number of cell layers. Simple epithelium has:

• A. No layers
• B. One layer
• C. Two to several layers
• D. Many tightly packed layers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells. This type of epithelium is found in areas where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur, as it allows for efficient exchange of substances across the epithelial barrier. Simple epithelium is well-suited for diffusion and filtration processes due to its thin nature, enabling substances to pass through easily. Choice A, 'No layers,' is incorrect as epithelial tissue always consists of at least one cell layer. Choice C, 'Two to several layers,' describes stratified epithelium, not simple epithelium, which has only one layer. Choice D, 'Many tightly packed layers,' is more characteristic of stratified epithelium, where multiple layers of cells are present. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 'One layer.'

4. The above experimental design description is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

• A. field experiment
• B. natural experiment
• C. controlled experiment
• D. observational study

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The above experimental design description involves the manipulation of an independent variable (light exposure) to observe its effects on the dependent variable (plant growth) under controlled conditions. In a controlled experiment, researchers actively manipulate one or more variables while keeping all other variables constant to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Choice A, a field experiment, typically takes place in a real-world setting but still involves manipulation and control of variables. Choice B, a natural experiment, involves observing naturally occurring differences in variables without researcher intervention. Choice D, an observational study, does not involve manipulation of variables, making it different from the described experimental design.

5. What might happen if blood sugar begins to drop in the human body?

• A. The pancreas releases insulin.
• B. The liver releases stored glucose.
• C. The liver stores glucose as glycogen.
• D. The pancreas releases glucagon.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When blood sugar levels drop in the body, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon acts to increase blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A is incorrect because the release of insulin lowers blood sugar levels, opposite of what happens when blood sugar is dropping. Choice B is incorrect as the liver releases stored glucose in response to low blood sugar, not when blood sugar is already dropping. Choice C is also incorrect as the liver stores glucose as glycogen but doesn't directly impact blood sugar levels dropping in the moment.

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