which of the following sentences uses affect correctly

ATI TEAS 7

English and Language Usage TEAS

1. Which of the following sentences uses 'affect' correctly?

A. The medicine had no effect on him.
B. The weather will affect our plans.
C. He has a serious affect disorder.
D. The effect of the news was shocking.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct usage of 'affect' in a sentence is as a verb meaning to influence something, as in 'The weather will affect our plans.' Choice A is incorrect because 'affect' should be 'effect,' which is a noun representing the result of an action. Choice C is incorrect as 'affect' should be 'effect' to describe a disorder. Choice D is incorrect because 'affect' should be 'effect' to convey the result of the news.

2. Identify the independent clause in the following sentence: You need to call your mother as soon as you get home.

A. You need to call your mother.
B. As soon as you get home.
C. You get home.
D. You need to call.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "You need to call your mother." An independent clause is a sentence that can stand alone and express a complete thought. In this sentence, the clause "You need to call your mother" functions independently and makes complete sense by itself. Choice B, "As soon as you get home," is a dependent clause as it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choice C, "You get home," is also a dependent clause lacking a complete thought. Choice D, "You need to call," is not a complete sentence without specifying who needs to call.

3. Which of the following is a complex sentence?

A. When skywriting, a pilot flies a small aircraft in specific, particular formations, creating large letters visible from the ground.
B. The public defense attorney was able to maintain her optimism despite her dearth of courtroom wins, her lack of free time, and her growing list of clients.
C. Because the distance between stars in the galaxy is far greater than the distance between planets, interstellar travel is expected to be an even bigger challenge than interplanetary exploration.
D. Invented in France in the early nineteenth century, the stethoscope underwent a number of reiterations before the emergence of the modern form of the instrument in the 1850s.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause connected by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. In choice C, the sentence 'Because the distance between stars in the galaxy is far greater than the distance between planets' is a dependent clause introduced by the subordinating conjunction 'Because,' while the rest of the sentence 'interstellar travel is expected to be an even bigger challenge than interplanetary exploration' forms the independent clause. This combination of an independent clause and a dependent clause makes choice C a complex sentence. Choices A, B, and D do not contain both an independent and dependent clause connected in the way that choice C does, thus they do not qualify as complex sentences.

4. Which of the answer choices best explains the purpose of the parentheses in the sentence?

A. To offer brief commentary on the subject matter being discussed
B. To modify or qualify the statement that came immediately before
C. To identify information that was located using another source
D. To set off useful information that does not fit the flow of the sentence

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Parentheses are used to set off supplementary information (the years of Franz Joseph I's reign) that provides context but does not disrupt the flow of the main sentence. Choice A is incorrect as the purpose of the parentheses in this case is not to offer commentary but to provide additional information. Choice B is incorrect as the parentheses do not modify or qualify the statement before. Choice C is incorrect as the information in the parentheses is not identified as being from another source.

5. It's really time for me to leave, and yet there are still so many things I'd like to do; next year I think I'll spend an extra week. Which of the following punctuation marks is used incorrectly in the sentence above?

A. The comma after the word 'think'
B. The semicolon after the word 'do'
C. The period at the end of the sentence
D. The comma after 'and yet'

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The comma after 'think' is unnecessary and incorrect. It should be removed to correct the sentence. The semicolon after 'do' is correct as it separates two independent clauses. The period at the end of the sentence is necessary to indicate the end of the sentence. The comma after 'and yet' is correctly used to separate two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.