Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the kidneys?

• A. To filter waste products from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To produce hormones that help control blood sugar levels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products, excess ions, and water from the bloodstream to form urine, which is then excreted from the body. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment by regulating the balance of electrolytes, fluid volume, and pH levels. While the kidneys do produce urine as a result of filtering the blood, their primary function is to filter waste products rather than solely producing urine. Although the kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by controlling blood volume and electrolyte concentration, their main function is waste filtration. While the kidneys do produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin that regulate physiological processes, such as red blood cell production and blood pressure, the main role of the kidneys is waste filtration.

2. In which of the following battles were there more Confederate casualties than Union casualties?

• A. Cold Harbor
• B. Chancellorsville
• C. Atlanta
• D. Shiloh

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Shiloh had more Confederate casualties than Union casualties. In the Battle of Shiloh, fought in April 1862, the Confederates suffered around 10,700 casualties, while the Union forces had approximately 13,000 casualties. Therefore, Shiloh is the correct answer. Choice A, Cold Harbor, is incorrect because in that battle, the Confederate casualties were fewer than the Union casualties. Choices B and C, Chancellorsville and Atlanta respectively, also had more Union casualties than Confederate casualties, making them incorrect answers.

3. Which of the following factors does not strengthen a scientific argument?

• A. Lack of bias
• B. Extensive use of qualitative research and data
• C. Able to be reproduced and repeated by others
• D. Withstands the test of time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. While qualitative data can provide valuable insights, it does not inherently strengthen a scientific argument to the same extent as quantitative data. Quantitative data is generally more precise, measurable, and easier to verify, making it a stronger basis for scientific arguments. Choices A, C, and D all contribute to strengthening a scientific argument. Lack of bias ensures objectivity and reliability, reproducibility by others validates the findings, and standing the test of time indicates the enduring validity and reliability of the argument.

4. Which of the above options is most likely the best choice for Regina, considering her dairy allergy?

• A. Cream of potato soup
• B. Lentil soup
• C. Broccoli cheese soup
• D. Cream of tomato soup

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Given Regina's severe allergy to dairy products, the best choice for her would be Lentil soup. This option does not contain any dairy and is a nutritious choice that provides a good balance of protein, fiber, and other essential nutrients. It is a hearty and filling option that can help keep Regina satisfied and energized. Additionally, lentils are known for their health benefits, including promoting heart health and digestion. Choices A, C, and D are less suitable for Regina as they contain dairy or are not as nutritious as lentil soup.

5. Convert 34.5 grams to kilograms (kg).

• A. 3.45 kg
• B. 34.5 kg
• C. 345 kg
• D. 3.45 grams

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To convert grams to kilograms, divide by 1,000 since there are 1,000 grams in a kilogram. Therefore, 34.5 grams ÷ 1,000 = 0.0345 kilograms. The correct answer is 3.45 kg (not 3.45 grams, which is the amount given in the initial question). Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not involve the conversion from grams to kilograms. Choice D is also incorrect as it presents the value in grams instead of kilograms.

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