Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a tissue layer found in skeletal bone?

• A. periosteum
• B. bone marrow
• C. enamel
• D. cancellous bone

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Enamel is a hard, outer layer that covers the crown of a tooth and is not a tissue layer found in skeletal bone. The other options, periosteum, bone marrow, and cancellous bone, are all tissue layers or components found in skeletal bone. Periosteum is the connective tissue layer covering the bone surface, bone marrow is found within the bone cavities, and cancellous bone is a spongy, porous bone tissue.

2. Antibodies, crucial for immune defense, are produced by:

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Monocytes
• D. Basophils

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Antibodies are produced by a specific type of lymphocyte known as B cells. B cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune system and are responsible for producing antibodies in response to pathogens. Neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils are types of white blood cells that are part of the innate immune response and do not have the function of producing antibodies. Neutrophils are primarily involved in phagocytosis, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells for antigen presentation, while basophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

3. What is the SI unit of measurement for work?

• A. Newton-meter (N·m)
• B. Joule (J)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Joule (J). Work is defined as the amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance. The Joule is the unit used to measure this energy transfer. Choice A, Newton-meter (N·m), is the unit for torque, not work. Choice C, Watt (W), is the unit of power, not work. Choice D, Meter per second (m/s), is a unit for speed or velocity and is not related to work.

4. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for adults?

• A. 1 liter
• B. 2 liters
• C. 3 liters
• D. 4 liters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended daily fluid intake for adults is typically around 2 liters, which is equivalent to about 8 cups or half a gallon. This amount can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and climate. Staying adequately hydrated is essential for overall health and helps maintain proper bodily functions, such as regulating body temperature, aiding digestion, and transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Drinking enough fluids also helps prevent dehydration, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. Choice A, 1 liter, is insufficient and may not meet the body's hydration needs, while choices C and D, 3 liters and 4 liters, respectively, are excessive for most adults and could potentially lead to overhydration, which may have negative health consequences. It's important to note that individual fluid needs may vary, so it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

5. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. This is because mass is an intrinsic property of an object and does not depend on the gravitational field it is in. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, which can change depending on the environment. Density is the mass of an object per unit volume, which can also change with variations in gravity. Therefore, the correct answer is Mass as it remains the same regardless of gravitational changes.

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