Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a long bone in the human body?

• A. Carpals
• B. Femur
• C. Tarsals
• D. Metacarpals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Femur. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh region. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape, such as the femur, which provides support, strength, and mobility. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because carpal bones (A) are short bones found in the wrist, tarsal bones (C) are short bones found in the ankle, and metacarpal bones (D) are classified as long bones, but they are shorter than the femur and mainly found in the hand.

2. Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cystic Fibrosis
• C. Epiglottitis
• D. Influenza

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.

3. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Cell division
• D. Lipid synthesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic information into specific proteins. This process is essential for building and maintaining the structures and functions of the cell. Choice B, DNA replication, is incorrect because ribosomes are not involved in replicating DNA; that process occurs in the nucleus. Choice C, cell division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in cell division but rather in protein synthesis. Choice D, lipid synthesis, is also incorrect as ribosomes are not responsible for synthesizing lipids, which primarily occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.

4. What is the most basic unit of structure in living things?

• A. Cell
• B. Organelle
• C. Oxygen
• D. Pigment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cell is indeed the most basic unit of life, forming the foundation of all living organisms. Cells are the building blocks of all living things, containing organelles that perform specific functions. While oxygen is essential for life, it is not a structural unit. Similarly, pigment is a component found within cells but is not the fundamental unit of structure. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A: Cell.'

5. The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research project launched in 1990 to map the entire human genome. Although the Project was faced with the monumental challenge of analyzing tons of data, its objective was completed in 2003, two years ahead of its deadline. Which of the following inventions likely had the greatest impact on this project?

• A. The sonogram
• B. X-ray diffraction
• C. The microprocessor
• D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The microprocessor, a key component of modern computers, played a crucial role in the success of the Human Genome Project. The ability of microprocessors to process vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently allowed scientists to analyze the massive amounts of genetic information generated by the project. This technological advancement significantly accelerated the pace of genome sequencing and data analysis, ultimately leading to the completion of the project ahead of schedule. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The sonogram is used for imaging in medical diagnostics, X-ray diffraction is a technique for studying the structure of materials at the atomic level, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body. While these inventions have their own importance in various fields, they did not have the same impact on the Human Genome Project as the microprocessor did.

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