Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a long bone in the human body?

• A. Carpals
• B. Femur
• C. Tarsals
• D. Metacarpals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Femur. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh region. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape, such as the femur, which provides support, strength, and mobility. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because carpal bones (A) are short bones found in the wrist, tarsal bones (C) are short bones found in the ankle, and metacarpal bones (D) are classified as long bones, but they are shorter than the femur and mainly found in the hand.

2. If an organism is AB, which of the following combinations in the gametes is NOT possible?

• A. AB
• B. AA
• C. BB
• D. AB

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. If an organism is AB, it indicates that it carries two different alleles. During gamete formation, each gamete receives only one allele from the pair present in the organism. Therefore, in this case, the possible gametes would be 'A' and 'B,' making 'AA' impossible. Choice A, 'AB,' is possible as each gamete can carry one of the alleles from the genotype. Similarly, 'BB' is also possible if one of the alleles separates into a gamete. Choice D, 'AB,' is essentially the same genotype as the organism and is a possible combination in the gametes.

3. Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Dispersion
• D. Reflection

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dispersion is the phenomenon that describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism. When white light enters a prism, it is refracted at different angles depending on its wavelength, causing the colors to spread out. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, not the separation of colors. Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles, not the separation of colors. Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays from a surface, not the separation of colors. In the context of a prism, dispersion plays a key role in the creation of a spectrum of colors by separating the different wavelengths present in white light.

4. What is the function of the pituitary gland?

• A. Produces hormones that regulate growth and metabolism
• B. Filters blood and removes waste products
• C. Stores and releases bile
• D. Produces red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Produces hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it produces and releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. It does not filter blood or remove waste products (option B), store and release bile (option C), or produce red blood cells (option D). The pituitary gland's primary role is in hormone production and regulation, influencing many essential functions in the body.

5. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object when its mass is doubled?

• A. Kinetic energy remains the same
• B. Kinetic energy halves
• C. Kinetic energy doubles
• D. Kinetic energy quadruples

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is that the kinetic energy remains the same. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of an object and the square of its velocity. When the mass is doubled, the kinetic energy would increase if the velocity remains constant. However, in this question, only the mass is mentioned, not the velocity. Therefore, when the mass is doubled, the kinetic energy remains the same as long as the velocity remains constant. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they incorrectly suggest changes in kinetic energy that do not accurately reflect the relationship between mass and kinetic energy described in the question.

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