Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following joints is an example of a hinge joint?

• A. Hip joint
• B. Elbow joint
• C. Shoulder joint
• D. Knee joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elbow joint. A hinge joint allows movement primarily in one plane, enabling bending and straightening actions. The elbow joint specifically functions as a hinge joint, facilitating the bending and straightening of the arm. The other options, such as the hip joint (A), shoulder joint (C), and knee joint (D), are not examples of hinge joints as they allow movement in multiple planes with more complex motions.

2. What is the cycle of infection?

• A. Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host
• B. Entry point, transmission, replication, exit, susceptible host
• C. Susceptible host, replication, transmission, entry, exit
• D. Transmission, replication, entry, exit, susceptible host

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Reservoir host, means of exit, means of transmission, means of entrance, susceptible host.' This cycle of infection involves the pathogen starting in a reservoir host, exiting through a means, being transmitted to another host, entering the new host through a means, and ultimately infecting the susceptible host. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct sequence of events in the cycle of infection.

3. How can you predict the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position on the periodic table?

• A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights
• B. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
• C. Identify the period number to determine the ionic charge
• D. Analyze the element's position within the group

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The group number of an element on the periodic table often indicates the typical ionic charge it will form. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, including the tendency to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This predictable pattern allows us to anticipate the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position in the periodic table. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because predicting the charge of an ion is primarily based on the element's group number, which reflects its valence electrons and typical ionic charge. Atomic weight (Choice A) and period number (Choice C) do not directly correlate with the ionic charge prediction, and analyzing the element's position within the group (Choice D) is less relevant than identifying the group number itself.

4. What is the main function of the skeletal system?

• A. To regulate blood pressure
• B. To protect internal organs
• C. To produce hormones
• D. To fight infection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support for the body, protect internal organs, facilitate movement, and produce blood cells in the bone marrow. Choice A, 'To regulate blood pressure,' is incorrect as blood pressure regulation is primarily controlled by the circulatory and endocrine systems. Choice C, 'To produce hormones,' is incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by the endocrine system. Choice D, 'To fight infection,' is incorrect as the immune system is responsible for fighting infections, not the skeletal system.

5. What type of molecules are enzymes?

• A. Water molecules
• B. Protein molecules
• C. Tripolar molecules
• D. Inorganic molecules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein molecules. Enzymes are biological catalysts made up of proteins. They function by facilitating and speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. Therefore, enzymes are primarily composed of protein molecules, not water, tripolar, or inorganic molecules. Choice A (Water molecules), Choice C (Tripolar molecules), and Choice D (Inorganic molecules) are incorrect because enzymes are specifically classified as proteins due to their structure and function in biological systems.

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