Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following glands produces hormones that regulate metabolism?

• A. Adrenal gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Liver

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. One of the key hormones produced by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, which directly influences the body's metabolic rate. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland. The adrenal gland produces hormones like adrenaline, which are associated with the stress response and not primarily metabolic regulation. The pituitary gland regulates various other hormones but is not primarily responsible for metabolic regulation. The liver has a role in metabolism, mainly in processes like detoxification and nutrient storage, but it is not a gland that primarily produces hormones for metabolic regulation, making it an incorrect choice in this context.

2. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume but can flow?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but can flow and take the shape of its container. Solids have a definite shape and volume but do not flow as liquids do. Gases do not have a definite shape or volume but can flow to fill their container. Plasma is a state of matter where the particles are highly energized and do not have a definite shape or volume, thus not fitting the description of having a definite shape and volume while being able to flow.

3. Which element is used in fluorescent lamps and emits ultraviolet light when excited?

• A. Mercury
• B. Neon
• C. Argon
• D. Krypton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mercury is the correct element used in fluorescent lamps to emit ultraviolet light when excited. When an electric current passes through the mercury vapor inside the lamp, it generates ultraviolet (UV) light. This UV light then excites the phosphors coated on the inner surface of the lamp, causing them to emit visible light. Neon, argon, and krypton are not commonly used in fluorescent lamps for this purpose. Neon is primarily used in neon signs, argon is used in incandescent and fluorescent bulbs for inertia gas, and krypton is mainly used in certain types of specialized light bulbs for its specific properties.

4. Which of the following correctly lists the four properties that all types of muscle tissue share?

• A. Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible
• B. Contractile, voluntary, elastic, extensible
• C. Contractile, excitable, voluntary, extensible
• D. Contractile, excitable, elastic, voluntary

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible.' All types of muscle tissue share these four properties. Muscle tissue can contract, respond to stimuli, stretch and return to its original shape (elastic), and extend or stretch (extensible). Choice B is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary (some are involuntary). Choice C is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary. Choice D is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary and lack the elastic property.

5. Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movement?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Acetylcholine
• C. Serotonin
• D. GABA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement. It is released from motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on muscle fibers, initiating muscle contraction. Dopamine, serotonin, and GABA serve different functions in the brain and body, such as regulating mood, sleep, and inhibitory signaling, respectively. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of muscle movement.

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