Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following enzymes unwinds the double-stranded DNA during replication?

• A. Helicase
• B. Ligase
• C. Nuclease
• D. Polymerase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double-stranded DNA during replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. This process creates the replication fork where DNA polymerase can then synthesize new DNA strands. Ligase functions to join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, not unwind DNA. Nuclease is involved in DNA repair by removing damaged DNA segments. Polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands based on the existing template strands, not for unwinding the DNA.

2. If a patient had a heart attack and tissue in the left ventricle lost blood flow, what would you most expect to happen?

• A. Blood would not flow from the lungs.
• B. Blood would back up in the legs.
• C. Blood would not be pumped to the body.
• D. Blood would not be oxygenated.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Blood would not be pumped to the body.' When tissue in the left ventricle loses blood flow due to a heart attack, the ability of the left ventricle to pump oxygenated blood to the body is compromised. This can lead to serious consequences for the patient's overall health and organ function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a heart attack affecting the left ventricle does not directly impact blood flow from the lungs, cause blood to back up in the legs, or prevent blood from being oxygenated. The primary concern is the compromised ability of the left ventricle to pump blood to the rest of the body, affecting overall circulation and organ perfusion.

3. How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?

• A. 126
• B. 206
• C. 300
• D. 525

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 206. The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. These bones are categorized into the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, comprising the bones of the limbs and girdles. Each bone has a specific function in providing structure and support to the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the accurate number of bones in the adult human skeleton. It is essential to remember the correct number of bones in the human skeleton for a better understanding of the skeletal system.

4. What lab equipment would most likely be used to precisely measure the volume of a liquid solution?

• A. Flask
• B. Triple beam balance
• C. Graduated cylinder
• D. Test tube

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A graduated cylinder is the most suitable lab equipment for precisely measuring the volume of a liquid solution. Graduated cylinders are designed with calibrated markings that allow for accurate volume measurements of liquids. The other choices are not appropriate for measuring liquid volume: Flasks are used for mixing or storing liquids, triple beam balances are used for measuring mass, and test tubes are typically used for holding small amounts of substances during experiments.

5. What is essential for an experiment to be considered successful?

• A. a reasonable hypothesis
• B. a well-written lab report
• C. data that others can reproduce
• D. computer-aided statistical analysis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For an experiment to be considered successful, it is essential that the data collected and results obtained can be reproduced or replicated by others. This reproducibility ensures the reliability and validity of the experiment's findings. It allows for independent verification of the results and contributes to the overall scientific rigor of the study. While having a reasonable hypothesis, a well-written lab report, and computer-aided statistical analysis are important aspects of an experiment, the ability to reproduce the data is crucial for establishing the experiment's credibility and success. Without reproducibility, the findings may not be reliable, and the experiment's outcomes cannot be verified independently, leading to doubts about its validity.

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