Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following correctly describes mitosis?

• A. Mitosis occurs in germ cells.
• B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
• C. Mitosis involves the reduction of chromosome number by half.
• D. Mitosis produces four genetically different cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Germ cells undergo meiosis, not mitosis. Choice C is incorrect as mitosis results in the preservation of the same chromosome number in daughter cells. Choice D is inaccurate as mitosis produces genetically identical cells, not genetically different ones.

2. Where is the abdominopelvic cavity in relation to the thoracic cavity?

• A. Dorsal
• B. Ventral
• C. Superior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The abdominopelvic cavity is located inferior to the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity contains organs like the heart and lungs, while the abdominopelvic cavity includes the abdomen and pelvis regions. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as the abdominopelvic cavity is positioned below (inferior to) the thoracic cavity. Choice A (Dorsal) is incorrect as it refers to the backside of the body. Choice B (Ventral) is incorrect as it refers to the front side of the body. Choice C (Superior) is incorrect as it indicates a position above the thoracic cavity, which is not the case.

3. What are the four chambers of the heart?

• A. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
• B. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left atrium
• C. Left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium
• D. Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle. The heart consists of four chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. Blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes to the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the body. Choice B is incorrect because it incorrectly lists the left atrium twice. Choice C is incorrect as it rearranges the order of the chambers. Choice D is incorrect as it mistakenly switches the atria and ventricles in their positions.

4. What is the main function of red blood cells?

• A. Transport oxygen
• B. Transport carbon dioxide
• C. Regulate blood pressure
• D. Regulate heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transport oxygen. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to cells throughout the body. This oxygen transport is essential for cellular respiration and energy production in the body. Red blood cells do not regulate blood pressure or heart rate; their main role is oxygen transport. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because red blood cells do not transport carbon dioxide, regulate blood pressure, or regulate heart rate. These functions are primarily carried out by other components of the circulatory and regulatory systems.

5. What is the name of the strong acid produced by the stomach to help break down food?

• A. Hydrochloric acid
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Bile
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion process by breaking down food, particularly proteins. This acid is crucial for the proper absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during intense exercise, not in the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver to assist in digestion, primarily in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Fatty acids are molecules found in fats with different functions in the body, but they are not the primary acid produced by the stomach for digestion.

Similar Questions