Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following components of the human integumentary system is the deepest?

• A. Stratum basale
• B. Epidermis
• C. Hypodermis
• D. Dermis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The hypodermis is the deepest layer of the integumentary system, located below the dermis. It serves as a layer of fat that helps insulate the body, store energy, and provide cushioning. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, not the entire integumentary system. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, followed by the dermis, and then the hypodermis. Therefore, the correct answer is the hypodermis (choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the deepest layer of the integumentary system.

2. Which of the following is a component of the immune system?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a crucial component of the immune system as they play a key role in fighting infections and foreign invaders. Red blood cells are primarily involved in oxygen transport, platelets are important for blood clotting, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances but is not directly involved in the immune response.

3. Which of the following describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells don't.
• B. Eukaryotic cells are simpler in structure than prokaryotic cells.
• C. Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells don't.
• D. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that contains the genetic material, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotic cells also have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which are absent in prokaryotic cells.

4. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?

• A. Carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• B. Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• C. Pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• D. Regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Oxygenated blood is crucial for providing nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle cells, enabling the heart to work efficiently. Without this oxygenated blood supply, the heart muscle may not receive the required nutrients and oxygen, potentially resulting in heart damage or dysfunction. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as coronary arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle, pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation, or regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation. The coronary arteries specifically supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle to support its function and vitality.

5. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions, such as thought and action?

• A. Amygdala
• B. Brain stem
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Cerebrum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cerebrum is the correct answer as it is responsible for higher brain functions like thought and action. The amygdala (Choice A) is involved in emotions and emotional responses, not higher brain functions. The brain stem (Choice B) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not higher brain functions. The cerebellum (Choice C) is mainly responsible for motor control and coordination, not higher brain functions like thought and action.

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