Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best defines the term amphoteric?

• A. A substance that conducts electricity due to ionization when dissolved in a solvent
• B. A substance that can act as an acid or a base depending on the properties of the solute
• C. A substance that, according to the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory, is a proton-donor
• D. A substance that donates its proton and forms its conjugate base in a neutralization reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid or a base depending on the environment. It can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), showing versatility in its behavior. Choice A is incorrect as it describes an electrolyte rather than an amphoteric substance. Choice C is incorrect as it defines an acid based on the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to a substance donating a proton in a neutralization reaction, not capturing the dual behavior of an amphoteric substance.

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the forebrain?

• A. To regulate blood pressure and heart rate
• B. To perceive and interpret emotional responses like fear and anger
• C. To perceive and interpret visual input from the eyes
• D. To integrate voluntary movement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The forebrain is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as perception, interpretation, and integration of sensory information, emotional responses, and voluntary movements. Functions like regulating blood pressure and heart rate are mainly controlled by various structures in the brainstem, such as the medulla oblongata and the pons. Choices B, C, and D are all functions associated with the forebrain. Choice B relates to the limbic system, which is part of the forebrain responsible for emotional responses. Choice C corresponds to the occipital lobe in the forebrain, involved in processing visual information. Choice D involves the motor cortex and other areas in the forebrain that coordinate voluntary movements.

3. What is the scientific unit used to measure the radioactivity of a substance?

• A. Becquerel (Bq)
• B. Joule (J)
• C. Newton (N)
• D. Kelvin (K)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Becquerel (Bq). The Becquerel (Bq) is the scientific unit used to measure the radioactivity of a substance. It is named after Henri Becquerel, who discovered radioactivity. The Joule (J) is the unit of energy, Newton (N) is the unit of force, and Kelvin (K) is the unit of temperature. When measuring radioactivity, the Becquerel is used to quantify the rate of radioactive decay in a substance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent units for energy, force, and temperature, respectively, not radioactivity.

4. What is the scientific term for inflammation of the bronchi, often associated with a cough and mucus production?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Bronchitis
• C. Emphysema
• D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bronchitis is the correct answer. It is the inflammation of the bronchi, which are the air passages in the lungs. Bronchitis typically presents with symptoms such as a persistent cough, mucus production, and sometimes difficulty breathing. Pneumonia, on the other hand, is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, not specifically the bronchi. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by the gradual destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulties. Pleurisy refers to inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs and chest cavity, causing chest pain when breathing or coughing.

5. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of (1x10^{-9}) M?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 11

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pH of a solution can be calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+]. Given that the hydrogen ion concentration is \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M, the pH can be calculated as pH = -log(1 x 10^-9) = 9. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 9.

Similar Questions