Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. It is produced by the pancreas and helps to lower blood sugar levels when they are too high. Glucagon, on the other hand, works in opposition to insulin by raising blood sugar levels when they are too low. Cortisol and thyroxine play different roles in the body and are not primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

2. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes?

• A. The endocrine system
• B. The urinary system
• C. The lymphatic system
• D. The nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The urinary system, specifically the kidneys, is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes in the body by filtering and excreting excess electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, through urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance, which is essential for various bodily functions and overall health. The endocrine system regulates hormones, the lymphatic system is involved in immunity, and the nervous system controls communication in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is B, the urinary system, as it directly handles electrolyte regulation by adjusting their excretion levels.

3. Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting, aiding in the prevention of excessive bleeding. Without sufficient Vitamin K, the blood may not clot properly, leading to an increased risk of bleeding and other related complications. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and the immune system, not specifically for blood clotting. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function. Vitamin D plays a role in calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly linked to blood clotting.

4. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Carrying nutrients
• C. Clotting blood
• D. Removing carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transporting oxygen. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen in the blood. It binds to oxygen in the lungs forming oxyhemoglobin and carries it to tissues and organs throughout the body. Once at the destination, hemoglobin releases the oxygen for cellular respiration, providing energy for various physiological processes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as hemoglobin's primary function is not carrying nutrients, clotting blood, or removing carbon dioxide. These functions are carried out by other components in the blood such as plasma proteins, platelets, and red blood cells, respectively.

5. What is the main function of the skeletal system?

• A. To produce red blood cells
• B. To protect internal organs and provide support
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To store calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support, protect internal organs, enable movement, and maintain the body's form. Choice A, 'To produce red blood cells,' is incorrect as the skeletal system's role in blood cell production is through the bone marrow, not its main function. Choice C, 'To regulate body temperature,' is incorrect as the skeletal system is not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature. Choice D, 'To store calcium,' is partially correct as the skeletal system does store calcium but this is not its main function; instead, it is essential for bone strength and muscle function.

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