Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. It is produced by the pancreas and helps to lower blood sugar levels when they are too high. Glucagon, on the other hand, works in opposition to insulin by raising blood sugar levels when they are too low. Cortisol and thyroxine play different roles in the body and are not primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

2. The corpus callosum facilitates communication between which brain structures?

• A. the left and right brain
• B. the skeletal and neural systems
• C. the brain and spinal cord
• D. the thalamus and hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain that enables communication between the two hemispheres. It allows for the transfer of various types of information, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive, between the left and right brain hemispheres, aiding in overall brain function and integration of tasks. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum.

3. Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?

• A. FSH
• B. Estrogen
• C. LH
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Progesterone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy. It promotes the growth of blood vessels and glands in the endometrial lining, making it conducive for implantation and supporting early pregnancy. While estrogen helps in thickening the endometrium, it is progesterone that plays a crucial role in preparing it for pregnancy. FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) is involved in stimulating ovarian follicles, not directly in preparing the endometrium. LH (Luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation but does not primarily prepare the endometrium for pregnancy.

4. Which chamber of the heart is the strongest and largest?

• A. Left atrium
• B. Right atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Left ventricle

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The left ventricle is the largest and most powerful chamber of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it out to the body through the aorta, providing the body's tissues with vital oxygen and nutrients. The left atrium primarily acts as a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood from the lungs. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, while the right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is the left ventricle, as it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

5. Which part of the respiratory system is in the upper respiratory tract?

• A. Bronchioles
• B. Alveolar ducts
• C. Alveoli
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The upper respiratory tract includes structures such as the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These structures are responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air. The lower respiratory tract comprises the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli are all part of the lower respiratory system, involved in gas exchange. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of the above' as none of the listed options are part of the upper respiratory tract.

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