HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
- A. Oxytocin
- B. Thyroxine
- C. Insulin
- D. ADH
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Oxytocin is the correct answer. It is released by the posterior pituitary gland and plays a vital role in childbirth and lactation. Oxytocin promotes uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Choice B, Thyroxine, is incorrect as it is produced by the thyroid gland. Choice C, Insulin, is incorrect as it is produced by the pancreas. Choice D, ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), is also released by the posterior pituitary gland, but it is not the hormone primarily associated with childbirth and lactation.
2. How should a researcher test the hypothesis that practicing yoga reduces blood pressure?
- A. Record the blood pressure of one male and one female participant before and after participating in a yoga class.
- B. Divide 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure; test each participant’s blood pressure after participating in a yoga class.
- C. Divide 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure; have one group watch television for an hour while the other takes a yoga class, record each participant’s blood pressure after the hour. Repeat daily for two weeks.
- D. Start with 15 men and 15 women; have the men watch television for an hour while the women take a yoga class, record each participant’s blood pressure after the hour. Reverse, having the men take a yoga class while the women watch television.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Option B is the most appropriate way to test the hypothesis that practicing yoga reduces blood pressure. By dividing 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure levels and testing each participant's blood pressure after participating in a yoga class, the researcher can effectively evaluate the impact of yoga on blood pressure. This design allows for a comparison between the two groups, helping to isolate the effects of yoga practice on blood pressure. Option A only involves one male and one female participant, which may not provide a representative sample. Option C introduces an additional variable of watching television, which could confound the results. Option D lacks consistency in the experimental design by switching the activities between men and women, making it difficult to attribute any observed changes solely to yoga practice.
3. Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person’s pulse and blood pressure?
- A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
- B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
- C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
- D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Normal values for pulse rate typically range between 60 to 100 beats per minute, while normal blood pressure values are usually around 120/80 mm Hg. Option B falls within these normal ranges for both pulse rate and blood pressure, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D have either pulse rate, blood pressure, or both values outside the normal ranges, making them incorrect.
4. What is the meaning of pernicious?
- A. Harmless
- B. Destructive
- C. Infectious
- D. Helpful
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Destructive.' Pernicious means causing great harm or damage. Choice A, 'Harmless,' is the opposite of pernicious. Choice C, 'Infectious,' refers to the ability of a disease to spread. Choice D, 'Helpful,' is also the opposite of pernicious and does not capture the negative connotation associated with the term.
5. Convert 7 grams to milligrams.
- A. 700 mg
- B. 7,000 mg
- C. 70 mg
- D. 0.007 mg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To convert grams to milligrams, you need to multiply by 1,000 since there are 1,000 milligrams in a gram. Therefore, 7 grams x 1,000 = 7,000 mg. Choice A (700 mg) is incorrect as it represents 700 grams, not milligrams. Choice C (70 mg) is incorrect as it implies that 7 grams is equivalent to 70 milligrams, which is inaccurate. Choice D (0.007 mg) is also incorrect since it represents a fraction of a milligram, significantly less than the original 7 grams.
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