Nursing Elites

1. Which gland produces hormones that regulate sleep?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pineal gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pituitary gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production is influenced by exposure to light, with levels increasing in the evening to promote sleep and decreasing in the morning to signal wakefulness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol related to stress response, and the pituitary gland controls various functions by releasing different hormones but not specifically related to regulating sleep.

2. When an individual is under stress, hormones are released. Which of the following is not one of the locations where hormones are released when under stress?

• A. Parathyroid gland
• B. Adrenal cortex
• C. Posterior pituitary
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The parathyroid gland is not a location where hormones are typically released during stress. It primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood through the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). On the other hand, the adrenal cortex releases hormones like cortisol in response to stress, the posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, and the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in coordinating stress responses through the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Therefore, the parathyroid gland is the correct answer as it is not directly involved in the stress response pathway.

3. Which structure in the kidney filters blood?

• A. Nephron
• B. Glomerulus
• C. Bowman's capsule
• D. Loop of Henle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It acts as the initial filtering component in the nephron, filtering blood and allowing waste products and excess substances to pass through to form urine. Choice A, Nephron, is incorrect as the nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney composed of several parts, including the glomerulus. Choice C, Bowman's capsule, is where the glomerulus is located, but it is not the structure responsible for filtering blood. Choice D, Loop of Henle, plays a role in reabsorption of water and electrolytes but is not the primary structure for blood filtration in the kidney.

4. What is the role of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To exchange gases
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To store oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The alveoli in the lungs are tiny air sacs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the alveoli, while carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the blood and exhaled out of the body through the alveoli. This gas exchange process is essential for the body to obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, supporting cellular functions and maintaining overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the alveoli do not filter blood, transport nutrients, or store oxygen. Their main function is gas exchange.

5. What is the function of the skin in protecting the body?

• A. To produce vitamin D
• B. To protect against pathogens
• C. To store nutrients
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The skin serves several crucial functions in protecting the body. One of its primary roles is to act as a physical barrier against pathogens, preventing harmful microorganisms from entering the body. Choice A, 'To produce vitamin D,' is incorrect because while the skin is involved in vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight, its primary protective role is against pathogens. Choice C, 'To store nutrients,' is incorrect as the skin is not a primary organ for nutrient storage. Choice D, 'To regulate body temperature,' is a function of the skin, but the primary role in protecting the body is to act as a barrier against pathogens.

Similar Questions