Nursing Elites

1. Which element has the highest melting point of any element?

• A. Tungsten
• B. Iron
• C. Platinum
• D. Carbon

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Among the choices provided, carbon, in the form of diamond, has the highest melting point of any element. Diamond's strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms make it incredibly resistant to heat and pressure, giving it the highest melting point compared to tungsten, iron, and platinum. Tungsten is known for its high melting point among metals but not as high as carbon. Iron and platinum have lower melting points compared to carbon, making them incorrect choices in this context.

2. During gas exchange in the alveoli, what happens to oxygen?

• A. Oxygen is released from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• B. Oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• C. Oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide.
• D. Oxygen is stored in the alveoli for later use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During gas exchange in the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream. This process occurs due to the difference in partial pressures of oxygen between the alveoli and the bloodstream, causing oxygen to move from an area of higher concentration (alveoli) to an area of lower concentration (bloodstream). Oxygen is then transported by red blood cells to tissues throughout the body for cellular respiration. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream, not the other way around. Choice C is incorrect as oxygen is not converted into carbon dioxide during gas exchange. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen is not stored in the alveoli but rather continuously exchanged with carbon dioxide during respiration.

3. Which of the following is the main function of the skin?

• A. To protect the body from harm
• B. To regulate body temperature
• C. To produce hormones
• D. To sense touch, temperature, and pain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) To protect the body from harm: The skin acts as a physical barrier that protects the body from external threats such as pathogens, UV radiation, and physical injuries. It helps prevent infections and dehydration, making it a crucial function of the skin. B) To regulate body temperature: While the skin does play a role in regulating body temperature through processes like sweating and vasodilation/vasoconstriction, its primary function is protection. C) To produce hormones: Hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands, not the skin. D) To sense touch, temperature, and pain: The skin contains sensory receptors that allow us to perceive touch, temperature, and pain, but this function is secondary to its main role of protecting the body from harm.

4. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of dissolution of a solute in a solvent?

• A. Temperature
• B. Pressure
• C. Surface area
• D. Particle size

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pressure does not affect the rate of dissolution of a solute in a solvent. The factors that affect the rate of dissolution include temperature, surface area, and particle size. Temperature generally increases the rate of dissolution by providing more energy for the solute particles to break apart and mix with the solvent. Increasing the surface area of the solute by grinding it into smaller particles or increasing its contact area with the solvent can also speed up dissolution. Similarly, reducing the particle size of the solute can increase the rate of dissolution by providing more surface area for interaction with the solvent. Pressure, however, does not have a significant impact on the dissolution process and is not a factor that influences the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent.

5. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The autonomic nervous system is the correct answer. It is responsible for controlling involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and other automatic processes in the body. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, making choice A incorrect. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, which is not directly responsible for these involuntary functions, making choice C incorrect. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, but it is not primarily responsible for regulating involuntary functions, making choice D incorrect.

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