Nursing Elites

1. When light reflects from a surface, what determines the angle of reflection?

• A. The material of the surface
• B. The wavelength of the light
• C. The angle of incidence
• D. The intensity of the light

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The angle of reflection is determined by the angle of incidence according to the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. When light reflects off a surface, the angle at which it strikes the surface (angle of incidence) is the key factor in determining the angle at which it reflects (angle of reflection). The material of the surface, the wavelength of the light, and the intensity of the light do not directly influence the angle of reflection in this context. Therefore, the correct answer is the angle of incidence (Choice C). The material of the surface (Choice A) does affect other properties like reflectivity but does not directly determine the angle of reflection. The wavelength of the light (Choice B) determines its color or frequency but not the angle of reflection. The intensity of the light (Choice D) is related to the brightness of the light but does not dictate the angle at which light reflects from a surface.

2. What is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division?

• A. Centromere
• B. Chromatid
• C. Chromosome
• D. Gene

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division. It contains the genetic material and is essential for cell division and replication. The centromere is a specific region of a chromosome that plays a role in cell division. A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, and a gene is a unit of heredity responsible for specific traits. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Chromosome' as it represents the entire condensed DNA molecule during cell division.

3. Which term describes a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a change that transforms it into a different substance through a chemical reaction. In this context, reactivity specifically refers to the chemical behavior of a substance. Density, mass, and volume are physical properties of a substance and do not describe its ability to undergo a chemical change. Density is the mass per unit volume, mass is the amount of matter in an object, and volume is the amount of space occupied by an object. Therefore, reactivity is the most appropriate term to describe a substance's ability to undergo a transformation into a different substance.

4. Which of the following describes how atomic radius varies across the periodic table?

• A. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and left to right on the periodic table.
• B. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and right to left on the periodic table.
• C. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the halogens on the periodic table.
• D. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the noble gases on the periodic table.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Atomic radius tends to increase from top to bottom and left to right on the periodic table. This is because as you move down a group (top to bottom), new energy levels are added, increasing the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus and thus increasing the size of the atom. On the other hand, as you move from left to right across a period, the number of protons and electrons increases, leading to a stronger nuclear charge that attracts the electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in smaller atomic radii. Choice B is incorrect as atomic radius does not increase from right to left. Choices C and D are incorrect as they incorrectly associate the trend with specific groups of elements (halogens and noble gases) rather than the general trend observed on the periodic table.

5. Which of the following meninges is a thin membrane containing numerous nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord?

• A. Arachnoid mater
• B. Dura mater
• C. Periosteum
• D. Pia mater

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pia mater is the correct answer. It is a thin, innermost layer of the meninges that contains numerous nerves and blood vessels, providing nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater (Choice A) is the middle layer of the meninges and does not contain as many nerves and blood vessels as the pia mater. The dura mater (Choice B) is the tough, outermost layer of the meninges and is not responsible for supplying nourishment. The periosteum (Choice C) is a connective tissue membrane covering bones, not part of the meninges.

Similar Questions