Nursing Elites

1. When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as:

• A. A balanced force
• B. An unbalanced force causing deceleration
• C. An unbalanced force causing the car to remain at rest
• D. No force at all

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as an unbalanced force causing deceleration. This friction force opposes the motion of the car, resulting in a decrease in speed until the car comes to a complete stop. Choice A is incorrect because if the forces were balanced, the car would not experience any deceleration. Choice C is incorrect because if the force were unbalanced in the direction of motion, the car would continue to move instead of coming to a stop. Choice D is incorrect because friction between the tires and the road does exert a force, causing deceleration.

2. What type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Voluntary muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart. It contracts involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring circulation. Smooth muscle is typically found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, aiding in their functions. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and plays a vital role in movement and posture. Voluntary muscle is a general term for skeletal muscles that are under conscious control, unlike cardiac muscle which contracts involuntarily to maintain the heart's continuous pumping action.

3. Which region of the small intestine is the primary site of absorption?

• A. Duodenum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Ileum
• D. Cecum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The jejunum is the correct answer. It is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The duodenum mainly facilitates digestion, the ileum is responsible for further absorption, while the cecum is part of the large intestine and not involved in nutrient absorption.

4. What do large intestines absorb?

• A. Water, sodium, and potassium ions
• B. Proteins and carbohydrates
• C. Water, vitamin K, and bile salts
• D. Vitamins A, D, E, K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The large intestine absorbs water, vitamin K, bile salts, sodium, and chloride ions. It helps in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance, and also plays a role in absorbing certain vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin K. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A, D, E, and K are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

5. Which organ in the body is responsible for maintaining electrolyte balance and filtering waste from the blood?

• A. Liver
• B. Kidneys
• C. Heart
• D. Lungs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste from the blood and maintaining electrolyte balance. They help regulate the body's fluid levels and produce urine as a means of waste elimination. The liver primarily plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, not in maintaining electrolyte balance or filtering waste from the blood. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not for electrolyte balance or waste filtration. The lungs are primarily involved in gas exchange, not in maintaining electrolyte balance or filtering waste from the blood.

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