Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of platelets in the blood?

• A. Transport oxygen
• B. Fight infection
• C. Produce antibodies
• D. Clot blood

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming clots to help stop bleeding. While red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and immune cells produce antibodies, platelets specifically function to prevent excessive bleeding by forming clots. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they describe functions of other components of the blood, not platelets.

2. Where does the maturation of T-cells and the production of T-cell receptors occur?

• A. Thymus
• B. Spleen
• C. Lymph nodes
• D. Bone marrow

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Thymus. T-cells mature and develop their receptors in the thymus gland, making it a vital organ for the immune system. The thymus provides the necessary environment for T-cells to differentiate and acquire their specific receptors and functions, which are essential for their role in the adaptive immune response. The spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow are all important components of the immune system, but they do not primarily serve as sites for T-cell maturation and T-cell receptor production.

3. What is the ethical concern surrounding genetic engineering?

• A. Risk of introducing new diseases
• B. Potential for misuse and discrimination
• C. Unforeseen consequences on ecosystems
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Risk of introducing new diseases: Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, which can potentially lead to the creation of new diseases or the spread of existing ones in unintended ways. This risk raises ethical concerns about the potential harm to human health and the environment. B) Potential for misuse and discrimination: Genetic engineering technologies can be misused for purposes such as creating biological weapons or enhancing certain traits in individuals, leading to discrimination based on genetic makeup. This raises ethical concerns about fairness, justice, and the potential for societal harm. C) Unforeseen consequences on ecosystems: Genetic engineering can have unintended consequences on ecosystems, such as disrupting natural balances or harming biodiversity. These unforeseen impacts raise ethical concerns about the responsibility of scientists and policymakers to consider the long-term effects of genetic modifications on the environment. Therefore, the correct answer is D because all the options present valid ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering.

4. What is the ultimate end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis?

• A. ATP
• B. NADPH
• C. Pyruvic acid
• D. Oxygen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The ultimate end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis is pyruvic acid. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid through a series of enzymatic reactions. ATP is produced as an energy carrier during glycolysis, but it is not the final end product. NADPH is not a direct product of glycolysis; it is mainly produced in the pentose phosphate pathway. Oxygen is not a product of glycolysis but is used as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.

5. A botanist wants to determine if environmental temperature affects root growth. What is the independent variable in this study?

• A. Temperature
• B. Seedlings
• C. Light
• D. Root length

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Temperature.' In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that is deliberately manipulated or changed by the researcher. In this study, the botanist is specifically investigating how environmental temperature affects root growth, making temperature the independent variable. Choice B, 'Seedlings,' and Choice C, 'Light,' are not the independent variables in this context as they are not the factors being intentionally changed or manipulated. Choice D, 'Root length,' is the dependent variable, as it is the outcome that is being measured or observed in response to the changes in the independent variable, temperature.

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