Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

• A. Oxytocin
• B. TSH
• C. Adrenaline
• D. T4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T4. The primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, also known as T4. T4 plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and energy levels in the body. It is converted into the more active form, triiodothyronine (T3), which exerts most of the biological effects of thyroid hormones. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Oxytocin is not produced by the thyroid gland but by the pituitary gland, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland, and adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the thyroid gland.

2. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Cortisol
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is the correct hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. It plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores to prepare the body for perceived threats. Insulin (Choice A) is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels, not by the adrenal medulla. Cortisol (Choice C) is produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress. Melatonin (Choice D) is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

3. Which gland is known as the 'master gland'?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' is the correct answer. It is responsible for regulating the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. The pituitary gland controls various bodily functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The other options, such as the thyroid gland (A), adrenal gland (C), and pineal gland (D), have important functions in the endocrine system but are not specifically known as the 'master gland.'

4. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?

• A. Oxytocin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Insulin
• D. ADH

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oxytocin is the correct answer. It is released by the posterior pituitary gland and plays a vital role in childbirth and lactation. Oxytocin promotes uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Choice B, Thyroxine, is incorrect as it is produced by the thyroid gland. Choice C, Insulin, is incorrect as it is produced by the pancreas. Choice D, ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), is also released by the posterior pituitary gland, but it is not the hormone primarily associated with childbirth and lactation.

5. What type of joint is found in the shoulder?

• A. Ball and socket joint
• B. Hinge joint
• C. Saddle joint
• D. Pivot joint

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is a ball and socket joint. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including rotation. This joint provides excellent flexibility and mobility, making movements like circular motions and rotations possible. A hinge joint, like the elbow, allows movement in only one plane (flexion and extension). A saddle joint, found in the thumb, allows for a wide range of motion but not as much as a ball and socket joint. A pivot joint, such as the joint between the first and second vertebrae of the neck, allows rotation only.

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