Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. Removing carbon dioxide from the blood
• B. Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
• C. Transporting oxygen to the bloodstream
• D. Filtering blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for this gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli primarily facilitate the exchange of gases, not just the removal of carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the alveoli do not transport oxygen to the bloodstream but rather facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in filtering blood but in gas exchange to ensure proper oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide in the respiratory process.

2. Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Semicircular canals
• C. Ossicles
• D. Eustachian tube

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The semicircular canals in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position and movement. These structures contain fluid and hair cells that send signals to the brain regarding the body's orientation in space, helping us stay balanced and navigate our surroundings. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, the ossicles are involved in sound transmission, and the Eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear, but they are not directly related to balance.

3. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines, blood vessels, and bladder. It contracts involuntarily, allowing for functions like peristalsis in the intestines and regulation of blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle (Choice A) is attached to bones, cardiac muscle (Choice B) is found in the heart, and striated muscle (Choice D) refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscles due to their striped appearance, but neither of these types are typically found in the walls of hollow organs.

4. Which vitamin is essential for vision and skin health?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin A is the correct answer. It is crucial for maintaining healthy vision and skin. Vitamin A plays a vital role in supporting normal vision, skin health, and immune function. Specifically, it is important for the health of the retina and is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, a protein in the retina necessary for low-light and color vision. Vitamin C (Choice B) is important for collagen synthesis and immune function, but it is not primarily associated with vision health. Vitamin D (Choice C) is crucial for bone health and immune function, while Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage, but neither are primarily linked to vision and skin health like Vitamin A.

5. Which organ is responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood?

• A. Lungs
• B. Heart
• C. Kidneys
• D. Liver

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are the organs responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood. They remove waste products, regulate electrolyte levels, and help maintain fluid balance in the body through the production of urine. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Lungs are primarily responsible for gas exchange, not blood filtration. B) The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering it. D) The liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it is not primarily responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood.

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