Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of antibodies?

• A. Production of white blood cells
• B. Initiation of gluconeogenesis
• C. Promotion of intracellular storage of lipids
• D. Facilitate the breakdown of antigens

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Facilitate the breakdown of antigens. Antibodies are protein molecules produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, known as antigens, in the body. Antibodies bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, thereby helping the body to defend against infections and other threats. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because antibodies do not have a direct role in the production of white blood cells, initiation of gluconeogenesis, or promotion of intracellular storage of lipids. The primary function of antibodies is to target and facilitate the destruction of antigens in the body.

2. Testosterone is a crucial hormone in the male reproductive system. What is its primary function?

• A. Egg production
• B. Sperm production and development
• C. Regulation of the menstrual cycle
• D. Milk production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced in the testes of males and is responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate. Its primary function is the production and maturation of sperm cells, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males. Choice A, 'Egg production,' is incorrect as testosterone is not involved in the production of eggs. Choice C, 'Regulation of the menstrual cycle,' is incorrect because testosterone is not responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, which is primarily governed by female hormones. Choice D, 'Milk production,' is incorrect as testosterone does not play a role in milk production, which is associated with other hormones like prolactin in females.

3. In an SN2 reaction, what affects the rate of the reaction?

• A. Only the concentration of the nucleophile
• B. Only the concentration of the electrophile
• C. Neither the concentration of the nucleophile nor the electrophile
• D. Both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile. The rate-determining step involves the nucleophile attacking the electrophile, so the concentrations of both species will impact the reaction rate. Increasing the concentration of the nucleophile increases the frequency of nucleophilic attacks, while increasing the concentration of the electrophile provides more opportunities for the nucleophile to react. Therefore, the correct answer is that both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile affect the rate of the SN2 reaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not consider the interplay between the nucleophile and the electrophile in determining the overall reaction rate in an SN2 mechanism.

4. Which of the following arteries are not branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion?

• A. Ascending palatine artery
• B. Glandular artery
• C. Superior labial artery
• D. Tonsillar artery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Superior labial artery. It is a branch of the facial artery in the facial portion, not in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery, glandular artery, and tonsillar artery are branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery supplies the palate, the glandular artery provides blood to the salivary glands, and the tonsillar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the tonsils. These arteries play a crucial role in the vascular supply of the head and neck region, aiding in various physiological functions.

5. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2, we add up the individual atomic masses of its elements: Ca (40.08) + 2N (2 * 14.01) + 6O (6 * 16.00) = 40.08 + 28.02 + 96.00 = 164.1 g/mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 164.1 g/mol (Choice C). Choice A (74.1 g/mol) is incorrect as it does not account for the correct sum of atomic masses. Choice B (132.1 g/mol) is the correct molar mass calculation for Ca(NO3)2. Choice D (78.1 g/mol) is incorrect and does not reflect the accurate molar mass of the compound.

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