Nursing Elites

1. What is the periodic table?

• A. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
• B. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
• C. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their reactivity.
• D. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their color.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are placed in rows (periods) and columns (groups) with similar properties. The elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement reveals a periodic repetition of chemical properties, forming the basis of the periodic law. Choice B, which suggests arranging elements based on increasing atomic mass, is incorrect because the periodic table is primarily organized by atomic number, not atomic mass. Choices C and D are also incorrect as the periodic table is not based on reactivity or color of elements, but rather on atomic number and properties.

2. What are the structural and functional units responsible for creating and transporting urine, located in the cortex of the kidney?

• A. Glomerulus
• B. Nephrons
• C. Loops of Henle
• D. Distal tubules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Nephrons.' Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidneys responsible for creating and transporting urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons located in the cortex and medulla. The nephron consists of the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus, and the renal tubule, which consists of the proximal tubule, loops of Henle, and distal tubule. While the glomerulus, loops of Henle, and distal tubules are all parts of the nephron, the nephrons as a whole are specifically responsible for creating and transporting urine.

3. At the peak of its trajectory, what force is acting on a ball thrown upwards?

• A. Gravity only
• B. Gravity and air resistance only
• C. Neither gravity nor air resistance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: At the peak of its trajectory, the ball momentarily stops moving upwards before it starts to fall back down. At this point, the only force acting on the ball is gravity, pulling it back towards the ground. Air resistance is negligible at the peak of the trajectory as the ball is momentarily stationary. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Gravity only.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Option B is incorrect because air resistance is minimal when the ball is at its highest point and its velocity is nearly zero. Option C is incorrect as gravity is the only significant force acting on the ball at that instant. Option D is incorrect since air resistance is not a significant factor at the peak of the trajectory.

4. Which hormone stimulates the release of calcium from bones and increases blood calcium levels?

• A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• B. Calcitonin
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the correct answer. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from bones, leading to increased blood calcium levels. It acts on the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream, facilitates the kidneys' reabsorption of calcium, and triggers vitamin D activation to boost calcium absorption from the intestines. Choice B, Calcitonin, is incorrect as it works in opposition to PTH by decreasing blood calcium levels through inhibiting calcium release from bones. Choices C and D, Growth hormone and Testosterone, are not directly involved in calcium homeostasis and do not regulate blood calcium levels through bone calcium release mechanisms.

5. When a blockage forms in a coronary artery, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle, this condition is called:

• A. Atherosclerosis
• B. Myocardial infarction
• C. Angina pectoris
• D. Heart murmur

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when a blockage forms in a coronary artery, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to blockages but is not the name for this specific condition. Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort due to inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle, which is a precursor to a heart attack but not the name for this condition. A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, often due to turbulent blood flow, and is not related to a blockage in a coronary artery.

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