Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the urinary bladder?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. To store urine
• C. To regulate fluid balance
• D. To remove waste from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To store urine. The urinary bladder's primary function is to store urine produced by the kidneys until it is ready to be excreted from the body. It acts as a reservoir that temporarily holds urine until an appropriate time for elimination. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the urinary bladder does not filter waste from the blood, regulate fluid balance, or directly remove waste from the body. These functions are primarily carried out by the kidneys and other organs in the excretory system.

2. What is the main function of the nervous system?

• A. Transporting blood
• B. Protecting the body from infection
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Digesting food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body and responding to internal and external stimuli. This allows for the regulation of body temperature, movement, sensory perception, and various other functions necessary for homeostasis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary role of the nervous system. Transporting blood is mainly carried out by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is a function of the immune system, and digesting food is the role of the digestive system.

3. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. To transport nutrients
• B. To fight infections
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To produce energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To carry oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This oxygen transport is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall functioning of the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is not to transport nutrients, fight infections, or produce energy in red blood cells.

4. Which vitamin is essential for the clotting of blood?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting. It specifically assists in the activation of clotting factors to prevent excessive bleeding from injuries. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between clotting and bleeding in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and skin health. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and acts as an antioxidant. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health.

5. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. Removing carbon dioxide from the blood
• B. Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
• C. Transporting oxygen to the bloodstream
• D. Filtering blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for this gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli primarily facilitate the exchange of gases, not just the removal of carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the alveoli do not transport oxygen to the bloodstream but rather facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in filtering blood but in gas exchange to ensure proper oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide in the respiratory process.

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