Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the coronary artery?

• A. It carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
• B. It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• C. It distributes blood to the body.
• D. It supplies blood to the heart muscle.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'It supplies blood to the heart muscle.' The coronary artery's main function is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring that the heart receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen it needs to function properly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the coronary artery specifically delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, not deoxygenated blood to the lungs or blood to the rest of the body.

2. Which hormone is involved in the regulation of water balance in the body?

• A. ADH
• B. Insulin
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. When there is a need to conserve water, ADH levels increase, leading to more water reabsorption and concentration of urine. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not water balance. Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and immune response, not water balance. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, not water balance.

3. Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism. It produces hormones such as thyroxine, which plays a key role in influencing the body's metabolic rate. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' but is not directly responsible for regulating metabolism. The adrenal gland is involved in the stress response and producing hormones like cortisol, not primarily regulating metabolism. The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

4. Which hormone is released during the body's fight-or-flight response?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during the body's fight-or-flight response. This hormone prepares the body for rapid action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs in response to stress or danger. Insulin is not released during the fight-or-flight response; its primary role is to regulate blood sugar levels. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, and cortisol is released in response to stress to regulate various bodily functions, but adrenaline is the hormone specifically associated with the fight-or-flight response.

5. Which of the following is not a principal organ of the nervous system?

• A. Brain
• B. Thymus
• C. Ganglia
• D. Spinal cord

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The thymus is not a principal organ of the nervous system; it is part of the immune system. The brain, spinal cord, and ganglia are principal organs of the nervous system. The brain is responsible for processing information, the spinal cord helps transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and ganglia are clusters of nerve cells that support the nervous system's functions. Therefore, the thymus is the correct answer as it is not directly involved in nervous system functions.

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