Nursing Elites

1. What is the common name for the compound CH₃COOH?

• A. Acetic acid
• B. Formic acid
• C. Butyric acid
• D. Propionic acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The compound CH₃COOH is commonly known as acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. It is a weak acid found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals. Formic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid are different organic acids with distinct chemical structures and properties, but they are not the common name for the compound CH₃COOH.

2. Why does a prism separate white light into its constituent spectral components?

• A. It absorbs certain colors
• B. Different colors experience varying speeds within the prism
• C. It bends all colors with the same magnitude
• D. It reflects specific colors

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A prism separates white light into its constituent spectral components because different colors experience varying speeds within the prism due to their different wavelengths. This causes the light to refract at different angles, resulting in the separation of colors. When light enters the prism, it undergoes dispersion, where different colors are refracted at different angles due to their unique wavelengths. This phenomenon is known as chromatic dispersion. Choice A is incorrect because a prism does not absorb colors but refracts and disperses them. Choice C is incorrect because a prism refracts different colors at different angles, not with the same magnitude. Choice D is incorrect because a prism does not reflect colors but refracts and disperses them based on their wavelengths.

3. Which element is found in water and is crucial for biological functions like nerve impulses and muscle contraction?

• A. Sodium
• B. Potassium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Sodium. Sodium is found in water and is crucial for biological functions like nerve impulses and muscle contraction. It plays a key role in maintaining electrolyte balance and transmitting nerve impulses, affecting both muscles and nerves. Potassium (Choice B), although essential for nerve function and muscle control, is not typically found in water. Calcium (Choice C) is important for bone health and muscle function, but it is not the element found in water. Magnesium (Choice D) is also essential for various biological functions but is not the element commonly found in water.

4. Which system's primary function is protection, sensory reception, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, insulation, and vitamin D absorption?

• A. Nervous system
• B. Integumentary system
• C. Endocrine system
• D. Digestive system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Integumentary system (Option B). The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands, serves various functions such as providing protection against external factors, sensory reception, regulating body temperature (thermoregulation), maintaining water balance (osmoregulation), insulating the body, and absorbing vitamin D from sunlight. The nervous system (Option A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. The endocrine system (Option C) produces and secretes hormones to regulate bodily functions. The digestive system (Option D) is involved in breaking down food for nutrient absorption. Therefore, the primary functions described in the question align with those of the integumentary system, making it the correct choice.

5. Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, and lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and transporting white blood cells.

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