Nursing Elites

1. What is the common name for the compound CH₃COOH?

• A. Acetic acid
• B. Formic acid
• C. Butyric acid
• D. Propionic acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The compound CH₃COOH is commonly known as acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. It is a weak acid found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals. Formic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid are different organic acids with distinct chemical structures and properties, but they are not the common name for the compound CH₃COOH.

2. If Silicon (Si) has an atomic mass of 28.1 AMU (atomic mass units), which of the following is the most likely number of neutrons an atom of Silicon would have?

• A. 28.1
• B. 14
• C. 28
• D. 14.2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Silicon has an atomic number of 14, indicating it has 14 protons. The atomic mass of 28.1 AMU accounts for both protons and neutrons in the nucleus. By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass, we can estimate the number of neutrons in the atom. Thus, 28.1 - 14 = 14 neutrons. Choice A is incorrect as it represents the total atomic mass, not the number of neutrons. Choice C is incorrect; it is the atomic number (protons) rather than the number of neutrons. Choice D is incorrect as it is a value that does not reflect the number of neutrons in the silicon atom.

3. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Density. Density is a physical property of a substance that remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present. Mass (Choice A) is the amount of matter in an object and can change depending on the amount of the substance. Weight (Choice B) is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and can vary with location. Volume (Choice D) is the amount of space occupied by a substance and can change if the amount of the substance changes.

4. Which of the following processes breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Cell division
• D. Phagocytosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and break down cellular components or foreign particles for recycling or waste removal. It is a vital mechanism used by cells to maintain homeostasis and remove waste materials. Photosynthesis (A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to produce food, not for breaking down cellular components. Cellular respiration (B) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not for waste removal. Cell division (C) is the process by which cells replicate and divide to form new cells during growth, repair, or development, not for breaking down cellular components.

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelium?

• A. Stratified squamous
• B. Simple cuboidal
• C. Stratified columnar
• D. Pseudostratified columnar

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pseudostratified columnar. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is not a type of epithelium. It is a specialized form of simple columnar epithelium. Stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, and stratified columnar are all types of epithelial tissues found in the human body. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin, mouth, and esophagus; simple cuboidal epithelium lines kidney tubules and glands; stratified columnar epithelium is present in parts of the respiratory tract and male urethra.

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