Nursing Elites

1. What is the common name for the compound CH₃COOH?

• A. Acetic acid
• B. Formic acid
• C. Butyric acid
• D. Propionic acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The compound CH₃COOH is commonly known as acetic acid. Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. It is a weak acid found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals. Formic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid are different organic acids with distinct chemical structures and properties, but they are not the common name for the compound CH₃COOH.

2. What is the primary function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

• A. Filtration of air
• B. Production of mucus
• C. Prevention of food entering the trachea
• D. Oxygen exchange in the alveoli

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system is to prevent food from entering the trachea. During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the opening of the trachea, guiding food down the esophagus to the stomach and preventing it from entering the airway. This mechanism safeguards the respiratory system from foreign objects, ensuring proper air passage and avoiding potential choking hazards. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A) Filtration of air is mainly performed by the nasal hairs and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. B) Production of mucus is primarily carried out by the mucous glands in the respiratory system to trap particles and humidify the air. D) Oxygen exchange in the alveoli occurs in the lungs and is related to the process of respiration, not the function of the epiglottis.

3. Which of the following is not a component of blood?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Cartilage

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cartilage. Cartilage is not a component of blood. Blood primarily consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are part of the immune system, and platelets are essential for blood clotting. Cartilage, on the other hand, is a type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints and nose, but it is not present in the blood. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of blood, while choice D, Cartilage, is the correct answer as it is not a component of blood.

4. Which blood component is responsible for the production of antibodies?

• A. Platelets
• B. Red blood cells
• C. White blood cells
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: White blood cells, specifically B lymphocytes or B cells, are responsible for producing antibodies as part of the immune response. When the body encounters foreign substances (antigens), B cells are activated to differentiate into plasma cells, which then produce antibodies to target and neutralize the antigens. Platelets are involved in blood clotting and not in antibody production. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood and do not produce antibodies. Plasma cells are actually differentiated B cells that produce antibodies, but the question asks for the blood component responsible for the production of antibodies, which is the white blood cells.

5. Which valve allows blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle?

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Pulmonic valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle in the heart. Its primary function is to facilitate the flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle and to prevent the backflow of blood. The Pulmonic valve (choice B) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, not between the right atrium and ventricle, making it incorrect. The Mitral valve (choice C) is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle, not the right side, so it is incorrect. The Aortic valve (choice D) is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, not involved in the right atrium and ventricle connection, hence it is also incorrect.

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