Nursing Elites

1. What does the term 'solute' refer to in a solution?

• A. The substance present in the largest amount
• B. The substance that dissolves in the solvent
• C. The liquid portion of the solution
• D. The temperature at which the solution freezes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a solution, the term 'solute' specifically refers to the substance that dissolves in the solvent to create a solution. The solute is typically present in a smaller amount compared to the solvent. Option B correctly identifies the solute as the substance that undergoes dissolution in the solvent, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is actually describing the solvent, which is the substance present in the largest amount in a solution. Choice C refers to the solvent, not the solute. Choice D is unrelated to the term 'solute' as it describes the colligative property of freezing point depression, not the solute itself.

2. Which word is most closely synonymous with the word 'patronage' as it appears in the following statement? '...that I am sure he will need no charitable aid or condescending patronage.'

• A. Auspices
• B. Aberration
• C. Acerbic
• D. Adulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Auspices.' 'Auspices' is closely related to 'patronage' in the sense of support or sponsorship. In the context of the excerpt, it conveys the idea that the working man will not require condescending support or sponsorship but will actively participate and contribute to the Institute. The other choices are incorrect: 'Aberration' means a deviation from the norm, 'Acerbic' means sharp or bitter in tone, and 'Adulation' means excessive admiration or praise, none of which align with the meaning of 'patronage' in this context.

3. What does the following sentence most nearly mean? 'The preparatory instars of such insects are aquatic; the adult instar is aerial.'

• A. The volume of water is necessary for preparing the insect for transition rather than the volume of the air.
• B. The insect's body is shaped like a star in both water and air.
• C. The stage of preparation between molting occurs in water, while the final stage happens in the air.
• D. These insects first breathe in water through gills and then continue to use the same organs to breathe in the air.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sentence indicates that the insects undergo different stages of development, with the preparatory instars being aquatic and the adult instar being aerial. This highlights the adaptability of these insects to different environments. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the volume of water and air rather than the stages of development in different environments. Choice B is unrelated to the content of the sentence and does not capture the meaning accurately. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically mentions breathing through gills, which is not explicitly stated in the sentence. Therefore, choice C is the best interpretation of the sentence.

4. In a research study, a researcher collects data on the number of hours spent studying and the grades students received. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

• A. The number of hours spent studying
• B. The grades students received
• C. The subjects students studied
• D. The number of students in the study

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The grades students received.' In this scenario, the grades students received are the dependent variable because they are influenced by the number of hours spent studying. The grades are the outcome that is being measured based on the manipulation or observation of the independent variable, which in this case is the number of hours spent studying. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The number of hours spent studying is the independent variable being manipulated or observed, the subjects students studied is not directly related to the dependent variable, and the number of students in the study is not the variable being measured or influenced by the independent variable.

5. Which of Mendel's Laws states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation?

• A. Law of Independent Assortment
• B. Law of Segregation
• C. Law of Dominance
• D. Law of Probability

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Law of Segregation, proposed by Gregor Mendel, states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation. This means that each parent passes on only one allele for each gene to their offspring. This law explains how genetic diversity is maintained and how different combinations of alleles are generated in offspring. The Law of Independent Assortment (option A) is not the correct answer as it states that alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation, not specifically alleles of a single gene. The Law of Dominance (option C) is incorrect as it pertains to the expression of alleles rather than their segregation during gamete formation. The Law of Probability (option D) is also incorrect as it is a general concept describing the likelihood of events, not specifically related to alleles segregating during gamete formation.

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