Nursing Elites

1. What breaks down into glucose to provide energy?

• A. Lipids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, providing energy for cellular processes through glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, and its breakdown is essential for powering various cellular activities. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, not glucose. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and are not a direct source of glucose. Nucleic acids are not broken down into glucose for energy production.

2. What are the components of the male external genitalia and their functions?

• A. Prostate gland: produces seminal fluid
• B. Scrotum: protects and maintains the temperature of the testes
• C. Penis: delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
• D. Urethra: conducts urine out of the body

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The penis is responsible for delivering sperm to the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse. The scrotum is not involved in producing sperm but rather protects and regulates the temperature of the testes, which is essential for sperm production. The prostate gland is involved in producing seminal fluid, not sperm. The urethra serves the purpose of conducting urine out of the body and also acts as a passage for semen during ejaculation.

3. Which type of nuclear reaction releases a large amount of energy in a short time?

• A. Radioactivity
• B. Nuclear fission
• C. Nuclear fusion
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nuclear fusion releases a large amount of energy in a short time by combining two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. This process is the energy source of the sun and hydrogen bombs. Radioactivity involves the spontaneous emission of particles or energy from an unstable atomic nucleus, while nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei, also releasing energy. While all the options are types of nuclear reactions, nuclear fusion is specifically known for releasing a large amount of energy rapidly, making it the correct choice in this context. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not specifically describe the process of releasing a large amount of energy in a short time. Choice D is incorrect because not all the options listed release a large amount of energy in a short time, making it an inaccurate answer.

4. Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, sleep, and memory?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Serotonin
• C. Acetylcholine
• D. Glutamate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with regulating mood, sleep, and memory. It plays a crucial role in maintaining emotional balance and is often a target in treating mood disorders like depression and anxiety. Serotonin also helps regulate sleep patterns and is connected to memory function. Dopamine (choice A) is more commonly linked to reward, motivation, and movement. Acetylcholine (choice C) is involved in muscle control and memory. Glutamate (choice D) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain but is not primarily associated with mood, sleep, and memory.

5. Sebaceous glands, located in the dermis, secrete an oily substance called:

• A. Sweat
• B. Sebum
• C. Cerumen
• D. Mucus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting an oily substance called sebum, not sweat, cerumen, or mucus. Sebum plays a vital role in lubricating and waterproofing the skin and hair, preventing them from drying out. Sweat glands produce sweat to regulate body temperature. Cerumen is the medical term for earwax, produced by ceruminous glands in the ear canal, while mucus is a slimy substance that protects and lubricates body tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Sebum, as it is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.

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