Nursing Elites

1. Two objects attract each other with a gravitational force of 12 units. If the distance between them is halved, what is the new force of attraction between the two objects?

• A. 3 units
• B. 6 units
• C. 24 units
• D. 48 units

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. When the distance is halved, the new force of attraction will be 12 units x (1/(0.5)^2) = 12 units x 4 = 24 units. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A and B are incorrect as they do not consider the inverse square law of gravitational force. Choice D is incorrect as reducing the distance between the objects does not lead to a squared increase in force.

2. In a U-tube manometer, a fluid is used to measure pressure differences. When one side is connected to a pressurized system, the fluid level on that side will:

• A. Remain the same
• B. Decrease
• C. Increase
• D. Depend on the type of fluid used

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a U-tube manometer, the side connected to a pressurized system will experience a decrease in fluid level due to the pressure exerted by the system. This pressure forces the fluid down, causing the fluid level to decrease. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect because the fluid level will not remain the same or increase when connected to a pressurized system. Choice D is incorrect as the type of fluid used does not determine the direction of the fluid movement in response to pressure.

3. Entropy (S) is a thermodynamic property related to the system's disorder. According to the second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process:

• A. The total entropy of the system and surroundings increases.
• B. The total entropy of the system and surroundings decreases.
• C. The total entropy of the system remains constant.
• D. The total entropy of the surroundings increases, while the system's entropy decreases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The second law of thermodynamics asserts that the entropy of an isolated system (or the combined system and surroundings) will always increase in a spontaneous process, reflecting an increase in disorder. Therefore, the correct answer is that the total entropy of the system and surroundings increases. Choice B is incorrect because entropy always tends to increase in a spontaneous process, as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. Choice C is incorrect as entropy typically increases in natural processes. Choice D is incorrect because the second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of the system and surroundings always increases in a spontaneous process.

4. Which vehicle has the greatest momentum?

• A. A 9,000-kg railroad car traveling at 3 m/s
• B. A 2,000-kg automobile traveling at 24 m/s
• C. A 1,500-kg MINI Coupe traveling at 29 m/s
• D. A 500-kg glider traveling at 89 m/s

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The momentum of an object is calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity. The momentum formula is p = m × v, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. Comparing the momentum of each vehicle: A: 9,000 kg × 3 m/s = 27,000 kg·m/s B: 2,000 kg × 24 m/s = 48,000 kg·m/s C: 1,500 kg × 29 m/s = 43,500 kg·m/s D: 500 kg × 89 m/s = 44,500 kg·m/s. Therefore, the glider (500-kg) traveling at 89 m/s has the greatest momentum of 44,500 kg·m/s, making it the correct choice. Options A, B, and C have lower momentum values compared to option D, proving that the 500-kg glider traveling at 89 m/s has the highest momentum among the given vehicles.

5. When a junked car is compacted, which statement is true?

• A. Its mass increases.
• B. Its mass decreases.
• C. Its density increases.
• D. Its density decreases.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a junked car is compacted, its volume decreases while its mass remains the same. As a result, the car's density increases because density is mass divided by volume. Choice A is incorrect because the mass of the car remains the same. Choice B is incorrect because the mass does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect because the density increases as the volume decreases, not decreases.

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