Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the process of a liquid changing into a gas?

• A. Evaporation
• B. Boiling
• C. Condensation
• D. Sublimation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Evaporation.' Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas at any temperature, while boiling specifically refers to the rapid vaporization of a liquid only at its boiling point. Condensation is the opposite process of gas turning into a liquid, and sublimation is the direct transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.

2. Which hormone is responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Prolactin
• C. Oxytocin
• D. Relaxin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth. It is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. Estrogen aids in the development of breast tissue during pregnancy but is not directly involved in milk production. Oxytocin is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding, while Relaxin helps relax uterine muscles during pregnancy but is not directly linked to milk production.

3. What term describes the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Refraction
• C. Reflection
• D. Interference

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Reflection.' Reflection is the term used to describe the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary. Diffraction, on the other hand, refers to the bending of waves around obstacles. Refraction is the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Interference involves the combination of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Therefore, in this context, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary.

4. Which of the following is NOT an element of the respiratory system?

• A. Ribs
• B. Trachea
• C. Diaphragm
• D. Alveoli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribs. The ribs are part of the skeletal system, providing structure and protection to the thoracic cavity. The trachea, diaphragm, and alveoli are all essential components of the respiratory system. The trachea carries air to and from the lungs, the diaphragm aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the thoracic cavity, and the alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs. Therefore, ribs do not play a direct role in the respiratory process and are not considered a part of the respiratory system.

5. Deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, has a nucleus containing:

• A. A single proton
• B. A proton and a neutron
• C. Two protons and an electron
• D. Two neutrons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Deuterium, as an isotope of hydrogen, has an atomic number of 1 and a mass number of 2. The nucleus of deuterium contains one proton (as in all hydrogen atoms) and one neutron, totaling 2 nucleons in the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is that deuterium's nucleus contains a proton and a neutron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Deuterium is not just a single proton (A), doesn't have two protons and an electron (C), and doesn't contain two neutrons (D). The correct composition of deuterium's nucleus is one proton and one neutron.

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