Nursing Elites

1. Which of the heart's four chambers is the largest and the strongest?

• A. Left ventricle
• B. Left atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Right atrium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body, making it a vital component of the circulatory system. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

2. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

• A. Epithelial
• B. Connective
• C. Muscle
• D. Cartilage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that cover internal and external surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach. It lacks an extracellular matrix, has tall and thin cells, and does not contain blood vessels. The other choices are incorrect because connective tissue typically has an extracellular matrix, muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, and cartilage is a type of connective tissue with a specific extracellular matrix and cell arrangement.

3. Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting infections?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by primarily combating infections. These cells can identify and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, helping the body defend against illnesses and maintain overall health. Red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport, platelets aid in blood clotting, and plasma carries various components throughout the circulatory system, but none of these functions involve fighting infections like white blood cells do.

4. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, blood vessels, and bladder. It contracts involuntarily, allowing for movements like peristalsis in the intestines and regulation of blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle (Choice A) is attached to bones and helps in voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle (Choice B) is found in the heart and contracts involuntarily to pump blood. Striated muscle (Choice D) refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscles, which have a striped appearance due to the organization of their filaments. However, smooth muscle (Choice C) is specifically the type found in hollow organs.

5. What is the function of the liver in the body?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To produce bile and detoxify substances
• C. To produce insulin
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To produce bile and detoxify substances.' The liver's primary functions include producing bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and detoxifying harmful substances in the blood. While the liver does play a role in blood filtration, its key functions are related to bile production and detoxification. Choices C and D are incorrect because the liver does not produce insulin (produced by the pancreas) or red blood cells (produced in the bone marrow).

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