Nursing Elites

1. Which type of cells are found in the hair bulb and are responsible for hair growth?

• A. Basal
• B. Epidermal
• C. Epithelial
• D. Merkel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epithelial. The hair bulb contains actively growing epithelial cells responsible for hair growth. Basal cells are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, not specifically in the hair bulb, making choice A incorrect. Epidermal cells are part of the outer layer of the skin, so choice B is incorrect. Merkel cells are related to touch sensations in the skin, not hair growth, making choice D incorrect.

2. Which blood type is considered a universal donor?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. AB
• D. O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because individuals with type O blood can donate red blood cells to individuals with any ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without causing an adverse reaction. Type O blood lacks A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, minimizing the risk of an immune response when transfused into individuals with different blood types. Therefore, type O blood is in high demand for blood transfusions in emergency situations when the recipient's blood type is unknown or when there is a shortage of specific blood types. Choices A, B, and AB are not considered universal donors. Individuals with blood types A, B, or AB can only donate to individuals with compatible blood types to avoid adverse reactions since they have A and/or B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, making them incompatible with all blood types.

3. What type of energy is stored in food?

• A. Mechanical energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Chemical potential energy
• D. Thermal energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Food stores energy in the form of chemical potential energy. This energy is released during digestion and metabolism to provide the body with the energy it needs to function. It is derived from the bonds within the molecules of food, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Choice A, mechanical energy, is incorrect as food does not store energy in the form of mechanical energy. Choice B, kinetic energy, is incorrect as kinetic energy is associated with the motion of objects, not stored in food. Choice D, thermal energy, is incorrect as thermal energy relates to heat energy, which is not the primary form of energy stored in food.

4. In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, what will happen to the temperature if the pressure is increased?

• A. The temperature will stay the same
• B. The temperature will decrease
• C. The temperature will increase
• D. It cannot be determined with the information given

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, according to Gay-Lussac's law, the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure. When the pressure is increased, the temperature of the gas will also increase. This relationship is a direct consequence of the ideal gas law, where pressure and temperature are directly proportional when volume is held constant. Therefore, as pressure increases in a closed system with constant volume, the temperature of the gas will increase. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The temperature will not stay the same (Choice A) or decrease (Choice B) when the pressure is increased in this scenario. The relationship between pressure and temperature in a closed system with constant volume allows for a definitive conclusion about the increase in temperature when pressure is increased, making Choice D, which suggests inability to determine, incorrect.

5. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: 2C₆H₁₄ + 19O₂ → 12CO + 14H₂O?

• A. Substitution reaction
• B. Acid-base reaction
• C. Enzyme reaction
• D. Combustion reaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The given chemical equation represents a combustion reaction. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon (C₆H₁₄) in the presence of oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H₂O). Combustion reactions typically release heat and light energy. In this case, the reactants are a hydrocarbon and oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon monoxide and water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the reaction does not involve substitution, acid-base reactions, or enzyme catalysis. Combustion reactions are characterized by the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen, leading to the production of heat and light energy.

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