Nursing Elites

1. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence. Quick action kept the disease from permeating the general population.

• A. Conquering
• B. Wounding
• C. Deterring
• D. Infiltrating

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this context, the word 'permeating' indicates the process of spreading throughout or penetrating into. 'Infiltrating' is the most appropriate synonym for this meaning, as it captures the idea of the disease spreading into the general population. 'Conquering' (Choice A) means to overcome or defeat, which is not the meaning in this context. 'Wounding' (Choice B) means to cause injury, which is not relevant to the sentence. 'Deterring' (Choice C) means to discourage or prevent, which does not fit the context of the disease spreading.

2. What are the soft spots on the head of a newborn called?

• A. Fistula
• B. Fontanel
• C. Follicle
• D. Fissure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fontanel.' Fontanels are the soft spots on a newborn's head where the skull bones have not yet fused together, allowing for some flexibility during birth and rapid brain growth in early infancy. 'Fistula' is a medical term for an abnormal connection between two body parts. 'Follicle' refers to a small cavity in the skin from which hair grows. 'Fissure' is a narrow opening or crack, not related to the soft spots on a newborn's head.

3. What is the meaning of exacerbate?

• A. To lessen in intensity
• B. To make worse
• C. To neutralize
• D. To control

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To make worse.' Exacerbate means to worsen or make a situation, condition, or problem more severe or intense, not to lessen it. Therefore, if something exacerbates a situation, it means it makes it worse. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because exacerbate does not mean to lessen in intensity, neutralize, or control the situation, but rather to worsen it.

4. What is the process of digestion?

• A. Production of enzymes
• B. The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
• C. Absorption of nutrients in the blood
• D. Movement of enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Digestion involves breaking down food mechanically and chemically into smaller components for absorption by the body. This process occurs in the digestive system, preparing nutrients for absorption in the intestines. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because digestion is not solely about the production of enzymes, absorption of nutrients in the blood, or movement of enzymes; it primarily involves breaking down food for nutrient absorption.

5. What is the meaning of 'belligerent'?

• A. retired
• B. sardonic
• C. pugnacious
• D. acclimated

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'pugnacious.' 'Belligerent' means aggressive or combative, which aligns with the definition of 'pugnacious.' Choice A, 'retired,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the aggressive or combative nature of 'belligerent.' Choice B, 'sardonic,' means grimly mocking or cynical, which is not synonymous with 'belligerent.' Choice D, 'acclimated,' means to become accustomed to a new climate or environment, which is unrelated to the meaning of 'belligerent.'

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