Nursing Elites

1. What number represents the number of protons an element has?

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Mass number
• C. Atomic number
• D. Neutron number

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, atomic number. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in an element. This number is unique to each element and determines its placement on the periodic table. It is equal to the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Choice A, atomic mass, represents the average mass of an element's isotopes. Choice B, mass number, is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom. Choice D, neutron number, specifically refers to the count of neutrons in an atom and not protons.

2. Which element has the highest atomic number?

• A. Uranium
• B. Hydrogen
• C. Radon
• D. Bismuth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Uranium. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Among the options provided, Uranium has the highest atomic number, which is 92. Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, Radon has an atomic number of 86, and Bismuth has an atomic number of 83. Therefore, Uranium is the element with the highest atomic number in the given choices.

3. Beta radiation is the product of the decomposition of which particle?

• A. Proton
• B. Neutron
• C. Electron
• D. Photon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Beta radiation is the result of the decomposition of a neutron. During beta decay, a neutron in an atom's nucleus is transformed into a proton, an electron (beta particle), and an antineutrino. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Neutron.' Choice A, 'Proton,' is incorrect because beta decay does not involve the decomposition of a proton. Choice C, 'Electron,' is incorrect because electrons are actually produced during beta decay. Choice D, 'Photon,' is incorrect as beta radiation does not involve the decomposition of photons.

4. What are the two types of chemical bonding?

• A. Covalent & hydrogen
• B. Ionic & covalent
• C. Ionic & hydrogen
• D. Covalent & metallic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ionic & covalent. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions attracted to each other. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Choice A is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force, not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice C is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice D is incorrect as metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons in a 'sea of electrons' within a metal lattice, not covalent bonding.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of an exothermic reaction?

• A. It absorbs heat
• B. It releases heat
• C. It remains neutral
• D. It requires energy input

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An exothermic reaction is characterized by the release of heat. During an exothermic reaction, energy is released in the form of heat to the surroundings, resulting in a temperature increase. This distinguishes it from endothermic reactions, which absorb heat from the surroundings. Choice A is incorrect because exothermic reactions do not absorb heat; instead, they release heat. Choice C is incorrect as exothermic reactions do not remain neutral; they involve a net release of energy. Choice D is incorrect as exothermic reactions do not require energy input; instead, they release energy.

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