Nursing Elites

1. Long bones are one of the five major types of bones in the human body. Which of the following bones are long bones?

• A. Sacrum
• B. Clavicle
• C. Patella
• D. Ulna, Fibula, Humerus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and include bones like the ulna, fibula, and humerus. These bones are crucial for providing support, structure, and facilitating movement in the human body. The sacrum, clavicle, and patella are not classified as long bones. The sacrum is a triangular bone at the base of the spine, the clavicle is a collarbone, and the patella is the kneecap. While these bones have important functions, they do not fit the definition of long bones due to their shape and structure.

2. What is the structure that connects the ovary to the uterus in the female reproductive system?

• A. Urethra
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Vagina
• D. Cervix

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The fallopian tubes are the structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. These tubes serve as a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus, where fertilization typically occurs. Options (A) Urethra, (C) Vagina, and (D) Cervix are not the structures responsible for connecting the ovary to the uterus, making them incorrect choices for this question.

3. What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

• A. Transport sperm to the uterus
• B. Produce milk for feeding offspring
• C. Produce eggs (ova)
• D. Regulate urination

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system is to produce eggs (ova). Ovaries are responsible for the production of female gametes. Additionally, they secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Transporting sperm to the uterus is the function of the fallopian tubes, not the ovaries. Producing milk for feeding offspring is the role of the mammary glands, not the ovaries. Regulating urination is a function associated with the urinary system, not the female reproductive system or the ovaries.

4. Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer. It is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. This part of the brainstem contains centers that regulate these essential autonomic functions to maintain homeostasis in the body. The pons and midbrain are also parts of the brainstem, but they are not primarily responsible for controlling these vital functions. The cerebellum, on the other hand, is involved in coordination and balance, not in regulating vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.

5. What is the function of the immune system?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To fight infection
• C. To digest food
• D. To produce hormones

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To fight infection.' The immune system's primary function is to protect the body from infections and foreign invaders by recognizing and responding to pathogens. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing diseases caused by harmful microorganisms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the immune system is not responsible for transporting oxygen, digesting food, or producing hormones. These functions are carried out by other systems in the body, such as the respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system, respectively.

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