Nursing Elites

1. In the solid state, you would expect a nonmetal to be _________.

• A. brittle
• B. lustrous
• C. malleable
• D. conductive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the solid state, you would expect a nonmetal to be brittle. Nonmetals generally lack the malleability and ductility of metals, which makes them prone to being brittle and easily fractured under stress. This property is due to the lack of metallic bonding in nonmetals, which results in a more rigid and less flexible structure. Choice B, 'lustrous,' is incorrect because nonmetals typically do not exhibit a shiny or reflective surface like metals do. Choice C, 'malleable,' is also incorrect as nonmetals lack the ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets like metals. Choice D, 'conductive,' is incorrect since nonmetals are generally poor conductors of electricity compared to metals.

2. What is the term used when an atom gains one or more electrons?

• A. Cation
• B. Anion
• C. Isotope
• D. Electron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, leading to an excess of negative charge. Choice A, 'Cation,' is incorrect because a cation is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Choice C, 'Isotope,' refers to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and is not related to gaining electrons. Choice D, 'Electron,' is the particle that an atom gains to become an anion, not the term for the atom itself after gaining electrons.

3. Where would you expect tap water to fall on the pH scale?

• A. Between 1 and 3
• B. Between 4 and 6
• C. Between 6 and 8
• D. Between 8 and 10

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tap water typically falls within the pH range of 6 to 8, making it slightly acidic to neutral. Most municipal water systems aim to provide water that is safe for consumption and falls within this pH range. A pH level of 7 is considered neutral, so tap water may vary slightly on either side of this number but typically remains within the 6 to 8 range to ensure it is safe for consumption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tap water is not expected to have a pH as low as 1-3 (highly acidic) or as high as 8-10 (alkaline); it usually falls within the slightly acidic to neutral range, hence falling between 6 and 8 on the pH scale.

4. What are positively charged ions called?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Protons
• C. Cations
• D. Electrons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Positively charged ions are called cations. When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is referred to as a cation. Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not charged. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, not positively charged ions.

5. What charge do Group IA elements have?

• A. +1
• B. +2
• C. +3
• D. 0

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Group IA elements, also known as alkali metals, have a +1 charge. They readily lose one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming ions with a single positive charge. This makes +1 the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because alkali metals in Group IA typically lose one electron, so they do not have a +2, +3, or 0 charge.

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