Nursing Elites

1. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons:

• A. Are completely transferred to one atom.
• B. Spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom.
• C. Remain equidistant between the two atoms.
• D. Do not influence the bond strength.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a covalent bond, the shared electrons spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. The more electronegative atom exerts a stronger pull on the shared electrons, causing them to be closer to that atom. Choice A is incorrect because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared, not completely transferred. Choice C is incorrect as the shared electrons are not equidistant but are closer to one atom due to electronegativity differences. Choice D is incorrect because shared electrons play a significant role in determining the bond strength by the strength of the bond formed through electron sharing.

2. What is the product of translation from an RNA template?

• A. DNA
• B. Lipid
• C. Polypeptide
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Translation is the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a polypeptide chain. This essential process occurs at the ribosomes within the cell. The product of translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, not DNA, lipid, or carbohydrate. DNA is involved in transcription, lipids are not directly produced in translation, and carbohydrates are not synthesized through translation. Therefore, the correct product resulting from translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, making choice C, 'Polypeptide,' the correct answer.

3. A 10 kg box rests on a frictionless surface. A horizontal force of 20 N is applied to the box. What is the box's acceleration?

• A. 0.5 m/s²
• B. 1 m/s²
• C. 2 m/s²
• D. 10 m/s²

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The acceleration of an object is given by the formula \(a = \frac{F}{m}\), where \(F\) is the net force acting on the object and \(m\) is the mass of the object. In this case, the net force acting on the box is 20 N, and the mass of the box is 10 kg. Plugging these values into the formula, we get \(a = \frac{20}{10} = 2\) m/s².

4. Which type of glial cell provides structural support and insulation for neurons in the central nervous system?

• A. Schwann cells
• B. Astrocytes
• C. Oligodendrocytes
• D. Microglia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell that provides structural support and insulation for neurons in the central nervous system by forming myelin sheaths around axons. Schwann cells (option A) perform a similar function but in the peripheral nervous system. Astrocytes (option B) are involved in providing nutrients to neurons, maintaining the chemical environment, and repairing damage. Microglia (option D) are primarily responsible for immune defense in the central nervous system, not for providing structural support and insulation for neurons.

5. Neurons, the functional units of the nervous system, belong to which tissue type?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system and are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. They belong to nervous tissue, which is the primary tissue type of the nervous system. Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because epithelial tissue functions mainly in covering and lining body surfaces, connective tissue provides support and structure, and muscle tissue is responsible for movement. Neurons, being the basic functional units of the nervous system, are specifically classified under nervous tissue.

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