Nursing Elites

1. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons:

• A. Are completely transferred to one atom.
• B. Spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom.
• C. Remain equidistant between the two atoms.
• D. Do not influence the bond strength.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a covalent bond, the shared electrons spend more time closer to the more electronegative atom. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. The more electronegative atom exerts a stronger pull on the shared electrons, causing them to be closer to that atom. Choice A is incorrect because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared, not completely transferred. Choice C is incorrect as the shared electrons are not equidistant but are closer to one atom due to electronegativity differences. Choice D is incorrect because shared electrons play a significant role in determining the bond strength by the strength of the bond formed through electron sharing.

2. What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down proteins
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down proteins.' The primary function of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down proteins using gastric acid and enzymes. The stomach's acidic environment aids in protein digestion and prepares food for further processing in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach actually produces stomach acid to aid in digestion, not to neutralize it. Choice D is incorrect because regulating body temperature is not a primary function of the stomach within the digestive system.

3. Which structure protects the lungs?

• A. Femur
• B. Ribcage
• C. Scapula
• D. Skull

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ribcage is the correct answer. It protects the lungs by providing structural support and shielding them from injury. The femur is a bone in the thigh and does not protect the lungs. The scapula is a shoulder blade bone, and the skull protects the brain, not the lungs.

4. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye?

• A. Cornea
• B. Iris
• C. Retina
• D. Lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The iris is the correct answer as it controls the amount of light that enters the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. The cornea is responsible for focusing light onto the retina, the retina detects light at the back of the eye, and the lens helps in further focusing light onto the retina. The iris, through changing the size of the pupil, regulates the amount of light reaching the eye, making it the part that controls the entry of light.

5. What is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?

• A. Ureter
• B. Nephron
• C. Renal pelvis
• D. Bladder

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The nephron is the correct answer as it is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood. It is composed of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a renal tubule. The other options, such as (A) Ureter, (C) Renal pelvis, and (D) Bladder, do not play a role in filtering blood within the kidney. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The renal pelvis is a part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter. The bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is excreted from the body.

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