Nursing Elites

1. How does the developing fetus primarily eliminate metabolic wastes?

• A. The developing fetus does not produce metabolic wastes.
• B. Fetal waste is excreted as feces, which pass into the mother's anus.
• C. Fetal waste is passed down the umbilical cord to the mother's circulatory system.
• D. Fetal waste is passed down the umbilical cord and leaves the mother's body via the vagina.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolic wastes produced by the developing fetus are eliminated primarily by being passed down the umbilical cord to the mother's circulatory system. Once in the mother's blood, these wastes are then filtered and excreted by the mother's kidneys. Choice A is incorrect because the developing fetus does produce metabolic wastes. Choice B is incorrect as fetal waste does not pass into the mother's anus. Choice D is incorrect as fetal waste does not leave the mother's body via the vagina.

2. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it falls freely?

• A. It decreases
• B. It increases
• C. It remains constant
• D. It becomes zero

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It decreases.' When an object falls freely, its height decreases, resulting in a decrease in gravitational potential energy. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the object accelerates due to gravity. This conversion process continues until the object reaches the ground or its lowest point, where the gravitational potential energy is minimal or zero. Choice B is incorrect because gravitational potential energy decreases, not increases, during free fall. Choice C is incorrect as gravitational potential energy changes due to the change in height. Choice D is incorrect as the gravitational potential energy does not instantly become zero but decreases gradually as the object falls.

3. The pH scale is used to indicate the concentration of:

• A. Hydrogen ions
• B. Oxygen
• C. Salts
• D. Sugar molecules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, representing its acidity or basicity. A lower pH value indicates higher hydrogen ion concentration and acidity, while a higher pH value indicates lower hydrogen ion concentration and basicity. Choice A, 'Hydrogen ions,' is the correct answer because the pH scale specifically measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pH scale is not used to indicate the concentration of oxygen, salts, or sugar molecules.

4. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption as it helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, UVB rays convert a compound in the skin to vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for maintaining bone health and ensuring the overall calcium balance in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. However, none of these vitamins are primarily responsible for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure.

5. The largest level of ecological organization is a:

• A. Population
• B. Community
• C. Ecosystem
• D. Biome

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Population: A population consists of individuals of the same species living in the same area. It is a smaller level of ecological organization compared to a biome. B) Community: A community consists of populations of different species living and interacting in the same area. It is a larger level of organization than a population but smaller than an ecosystem or biome. C) Ecosystem: An ecosystem includes all living organisms (biotic factors) and their physical environment (abiotic factors) interacting in a particular area. It is a larger level of organization than a community but smaller than a biome. D) Biome: The correct answer is D - Biome. A biome is the largest level of ecological organization and encompasses a large geographic area characterized by a specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. Biomes can be found on multiple continents and are defined by similar abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, it is the largest level of ecological organization among the options provided, making it the correct answer.

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