how does rna polymerase differ from dna polymerase

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science study guide free

1. How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

A. Both enzymes are identical in function and structure.
B. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis.
C. RNA polymerase can synthesize both RNA and DNA.
D. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, unlike DNA polymerase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are not identical in function and structure. They have different roles in the cell. B) This statement is correct. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase can start the synthesis of RNA de novo. C) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase is specialized for synthesizing RNA, not DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA. D) This statement is correct. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, while DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA.

2. Which of the following areas of the body has the most sweat glands?

A. Upper back
B. Arms
C. Feet
D. Palms

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Palms. The palms of the hands have the highest concentration of sweat glands compared to other areas of the body. This is why sweating is commonly noticed on the palms during times of stress or physical exertion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. While these areas do have sweat glands, they are not as densely distributed as in the palms. The upper back, arms, and feet do contribute to overall body sweat, but the palms have a significantly higher density of sweat glands, making them the area with the most sweat glands.

3. What is the term for the particles moving within a substance?

A. Ions
B. Atoms
C. Molecules
D. Kinetic energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term for the particles moving within a substance is typically 'molecules' or 'atoms,' depending on the state of matter. In this context, 'molecules' represent the particles moving around within a substance, especially in the liquid and gas states, while 'atoms' are the fundamental building blocks of matter. 'Ions' are charged particles that can be present in a substance but are not necessarily the primary particles in motion. 'Kinetic energy' is not a term used to describe the particles themselves but rather the energy associated with their motion.

4. What is the general formula for an alcohol?

A. CₙH₂ₙ
B. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
C. CₙH₂ₙ₋₁
D. CₙH₂ₙO

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2n+1OH, which can be simplified to CnH2nO. In this formula, 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms, '2n' represents the number of hydrogen atoms, and 'O' represents the oxygen atom present in the hydroxyl group of the alcohol. Therefore, the correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO. Choice A, CₙH₂ₙ, does not account for the oxygen atom, which is essential in alcohols. Choice B, CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, does not include the oxygen atom or the necessary hydrogen atoms for the hydroxyl group. Choice C, CₙH₂ₙ₋₁, lacks the oxygen atom and also does not fulfill the requirements of the hydroxyl group. Thus, the most accurate representation of the general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO.

5. What does nuclear binding energy represent?

A. Separate an electron from its atom
B. Separate protons and neutrons within a nucleus
C. Cause nuclear fission
D. Induce nuclear fusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nuclear binding energy represents the energy required to hold protons and neutrons together within a nucleus. This energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons and keep the nucleus stable. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A relates to ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Choices C and D refer to nuclear reactions (fission and fusion), which involve processes different from the concept of nuclear binding energy.