how do organisms maintain homeostasis

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science

1. How do organisms maintain homeostasis?

A. By increasing their body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance.
B. By undergoing biochemical processes and absorbing energy to increase entropy.
C. By undergoing biochemical processes to maintain the order of their external environment.
D. By using free energy and matter via biochemical processes to work against entropy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Organisms maintain homeostasis by utilizing free energy and matter through biochemical processes to counteract entropy, which helps in preserving internal stability. This process involves maintaining a balance within the organism's internal environment despite external changes, ensuring proper functioning and survival. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance alone do not define the comprehensive process of maintaining homeostasis. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy goes against the concept of maintaining internal stability. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining the order of the external environment does not directly contribute to the organism's internal stability and balance.

2. Among the following structural patterns in a paragraph, which does a writer use to show readers something instead of telling them something?

A. Division
B. Narration
C. Definition
D. Description

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The writer uses description as a structural pattern to show readers something instead of telling them. By vividly describing Thomas Jefferson, his life, achievements, and significance, the reader can form a mental image and understanding of who he was without being explicitly told. Description allows for a more engaging and immersive experience for the reader compared to being told facts directly. Choice A, 'Division,' involves breaking down a subject into parts for analysis and understanding, not necessarily showing something instead of telling it. Choice B, 'Narration,' is the act of telling a story or recounting events, which involves direct communication rather than showing through vivid details. Choice C, 'Definition,' is providing the meaning of something, which is informative but does not create a visual or immersive experience like description does.

3. How many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose via photosynthesis?

A. 6 NADPH and 9 ATP
B. 12 NADPH and 18 ATP
C. 18 NADPH and 24 ATP
D. 24 NADPH and 36 ATP

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During photosynthesis, 12 molecules of NADPH and 18 molecules of ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose. NADPH and ATP are essential energy carriers in the process of photosynthesis. Choice A is incorrect because it underestimates the required molecules of both NADPH and ATP. Choices C and D overestimate the number of molecules needed, making them incorrect answers.

4. Which of the following describes a typical gas?

A. Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
B. Indefinite shape and definite volume
C. Definite shape and definite volume
D. Definite shape and indefinite volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Indefinite shape and definite volume.' A gas does not have a definite shape as it takes the shape of its container, conforming to its surroundings. However, a gas does have a definite volume because it fills the entire volume of the container it occupies. This characteristic allows gases to expand to fill the available space provided by the container, while their volume remains constant within that container. Choice A is incorrect because gases do not have an indefinite volume but rather a definite volume. Choice C is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape but take the shape of their container. Choice D is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape and their volume is definite, not indefinite.

5. During week 1, Nurse Cameron works 5 shifts. During week 2, she worked twice as many shifts as she did in week 1. In week 3, she added 4 shifts to the number of shifts worked in week 2. Which equation describes the number of shifts Nurse Cameron worked in week 3?

A. Shifts = (2)(5) + 4
B. Shifts = (4)(5) + 2
C. Shifts = 5 + 2 + 4
D. Shifts = (5)(2)(4)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During week 1, Nurse Cameron worked 5 shifts. In week 2, she worked twice as many shifts as in week 1, which is 10 shifts. In week 3, she added 4 shifts to the number of shifts worked in week 2. Therefore, the total shifts in week 3 can be calculated as (2)(5) + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14 shifts. Choice A correctly represents this calculation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the given scenario and the steps needed to find the total shifts in week 3.