Nursing Elites

1. What is true about caloric intake for the average person?

• A. It should increase with age.
• B. It should decline and then increase with age.
• C. It should decline with age.
• D. It should remain constant over a lifetime.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Caloric intake for the average person typically declines with age due to factors such as changes in metabolism, muscle mass, and physical activity levels. As people age, their metabolism tends to slow down, and they may also experience a decrease in muscle mass and physical activity, leading to a reduced need for calories. Option A is incorrect because caloric intake generally decreases rather than increases with age. Option B is incorrect as it suggests a fluctuation in caloric intake that is not typically seen. Option D is incorrect as caloric needs usually change over a person's lifetime due to various factors.

2. How do the digestive system and urinary system work together?

• A. The digestive system controls the function of the ureter.
• B. The urinary system removes toxins from the products of digestion.
• C. The digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination.
• D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion. After digestion in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream, and waste products are transported to the kidneys via the urinary system to be excreted as urine. This process helps eliminate waste products generated during digestion, illustrating the coordination between the digestive and urinary systems. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect as the ureter is part of the urinary system, not controlled by the digestive system. Choice B is incorrect as the urinary system primarily removes metabolic waste, not toxins from digestion. Choice C is incorrect because the digestive system mainly aids in digestion and nutrient absorption, not hormone production affecting urination.

3. What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. To absorb oxygen
• B. To remove carbon dioxide
• C. To exchange gases
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, during breathing. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released through this process, enabling the body to receive oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli do not absorb oxygen but facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice B is incorrect as the alveoli do not remove carbon dioxide but aid in the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in regulating blood pressure but in gas exchange.

4. Which mineral is considered an antioxidant?

• A. Selenium
• B. Calcium
• C. Sulfur
• D. Iron

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Selenium is the correct answer. It is considered an antioxidant mineral that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. Selenium is an essential component of the body's antioxidant defense system, promoting overall health and well-being. Calcium (Choice B), Sulfur (Choice C), and Iron (Choice D) are not typically classified as antioxidant minerals. While these minerals have other important functions in the body, they do not primarily act as antioxidants like selenium.

5. What is the main function of the urinary bladder?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To store and concentrate bile
• C. To store urine
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To store urine. The main function of the urinary bladder is to store urine produced by the kidneys before it is excreted from the body. It acts as a reservoir for urine until it is expelled during urination. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the urinary bladder does not filter blood, store or concentrate bile, or absorb nutrients. It is solely responsible for storing and releasing urine.

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