Nursing Elites

1. Where does fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, typically occur in the female reproductive system?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube, where it may encounter sperm for fertilization. The fallopian tube is the site where the sperm fertilizes the egg before the fertilized egg continues its journey towards the uterus for implantation. The ovary is where the egg is produced but not where fertilization occurs. The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, not where fertilization takes place. The vagina is part of the birth canal and not the typical site for fertilization in the female reproductive system.

2. What is the outermost layer of the dermis, rich in collagen and elastin fibers that provide elasticity to the skin?

• A. Papillary layer
• B. Reticular layer
• C. Stratum basale
• D. Stratum corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the reticular layer. This layer is the outermost layer of the dermis that contains abundant collagen and elastin fibers, providing elasticity to the skin. The papillary layer is located beneath the epidermis and is responsible for supplying nutrients to the epidermis, not the outermost layer. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced, not part of the dermis. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells, not a layer of the dermis.

3. What is the valve that prevents blood from flowing back from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Mitral valve
• C. Aortic valve
• D. Pulmonic valve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Mitral valve. The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Its function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. Choice A, the Tricuspid valve, is incorrect as it is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. Choice C, the Aortic valve, and Choice D, the Pulmonic valve, are also incorrect as they are involved in the circulation of blood leaving the heart rather than preventing backflow within the atria and ventricles.

4. Two nursing students will be completing a scientific experiment measuring the mass of chewed gum after one-minute chewing increments. Which lab equipment will the students most likely use?

• A. Triple beam balance
• B. Anemometer
• C. Hot plate
• D. Microscope

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triple beam balance. A triple beam balance is the most suitable lab equipment for measuring mass accurately, which is necessary for this experiment. An anemometer measures wind speed, a hot plate is used for heating substances, and a microscope is used for magnifying objects, none of which are relevant to measuring the mass of chewed gum.

5. In an oxidation reaction,

• A. an oxidizing agent gains electrons.
• B. an oxidizing agent loses electrons.
• C. a reducing agent gains electrons.
• D. a reducing agent loses electrons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In an oxidation reaction, the substance being oxidized loses electrons, not gains them. An oxidizing agent is responsible for causing oxidation in another substance by accepting electrons, hence it undergoes reduction and loses electrons. Therefore, the correct statement is 'an oxidizing agent loses electrons,' making choice B the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in an oxidation reaction, the oxidizing agent does not gain electrons, a reducing agent does not gain electrons, and a reducing agent does not lose electrons.

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