Nursing Elites

1. Where does fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, typically occur in the female reproductive system?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube, where it may encounter sperm for fertilization. The fallopian tube is the site where the sperm fertilizes the egg before the fertilized egg continues its journey towards the uterus for implantation. The ovary is where the egg is produced but not where fertilization occurs. The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, not where fertilization takes place. The vagina is part of the birth canal and not the typical site for fertilization in the female reproductive system.

2. Which of the following nucleic acids carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes, where the amino acids are linked one by one to produce a polypeptide?

• A. DNA
• B. mRNA
• C. rRNA
• D. tRNA

Correct answer: D

Rationale: tRNA is the correct answer as it carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA sequence. Once at the ribosome, the amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain. This process is essential for the creation of proteins in the cell, highlighting the significance of tRNA in the translation process. Choice A, DNA, is incorrect as DNA does not directly participate in protein synthesis. Choice B, mRNA, is incorrect as mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome but does not directly carry amino acids. Choice C, rRNA, is incorrect as ribosomal RNA is a component of the ribosome structure and is involved in protein synthesis but does not carry amino acids like tRNA.

3. Fill in the blanks in the following sentence: Enzymes are ________ molecules that serve as _______ for certain biological reactions.

• A. complex; suppressors
• B. acidic; triggers
• C. small; targets
• D. large; catalysts

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Enzymes are large molecules that act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur. In the context of biological reactions, enzymes function as catalysts, not suppressors, triggers, or targets. The use of 'large' and 'catalysts' accurately describes the nature and role of enzymes in facilitating biological processes.

4. The spleen, a large lymphatic organ, is located in the:

• A. Chest
• B. Abdomen
• C. Pelvis
• D. Head and neck

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The spleen is located in the abdomen, specifically in the upper left part of the abdomen, under the ribcage and above the stomach. It is an important organ in the lymphatic system responsible for filtering blood, storing blood cells, and fighting infection. It is not located in the chest, pelvis, or head and neck regions. Therefore, the correct answer is 'B: Abdomen.' Choices 'A: Chest,' 'C: Pelvis,' and 'D: Head and neck' are incorrect as the spleen is not situated in these anatomical areas.

5. What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?

• A. Epiphyses
• B. Diaphysis
• C. Periosteum
• D. Medullary cavity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are cartilaginous areas found at the ends of long bones, enabling growth and bone lengthening during childhood and adolescence. The diaphysis refers to the main shaft of a long bone. The periosteum is the outer bone layer responsible for nourishment and aiding in bone repair. The medullary cavity is the central cavity within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow but is not involved in new bone tissue formation.

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