Nursing Elites

1. Examine the following decomposition reaction: ABC → ______. Which of the following is a possible set of products for this reaction?

• A. 2AB + C
• B. AB + CD
• C. A + BC
• D. B + C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a decomposition reaction, a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. For the decomposition of ABC, a plausible set of products is A + BC. This reaction represents the breakdown of ABC into two separate components: A and BC. The correct choice C aligns with the fundamental concept of decomposition reactions, where a compound disintegrates into simpler substances. Choices A, B, and D do not reflect a proper decomposition reaction as they do not demonstrate the breakdown of the original compound into distinct components.

2. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. While the stomach plays a role in breaking down food into smaller particles, the actual absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones but is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.

3. During which of the following stages does crossing over occur?

• A. Mitosis Prophase
• B. Meiosis Prophase I
• C. Meiosis Prophase II
• D. Interphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is specifically associated with genetic recombination, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In mitosis, crossing over does not occur as it involves the separation of replicated chromosomes. Meiosis Prophase II is focused on the reformation of nuclei and does not involve crossing over. Interphase is a stage where the cell prepares for division and is not associated with crossing over.

4. What type of inheritance pattern results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation?

• A. Incomplete dominance
• B. Codominance
• C. Sex-linked inheritance
• D. Autosomal dominant inheritance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Autosomal dominant inheritance results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. This inheritance pattern occurs when a single copy of the dominant allele is enough to express the dominant phenotype. A) Incomplete dominance: In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes, and it does not lead to a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. B) Codominance: In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous phenotype, but this pattern also does not result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. C) Sex-linked inheritance: Sex-linked inheritance involves genes located on the sex chromosomes and does not typically lead to a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation.

5. What is the term for a solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount it could dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Supersaturated solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount it could dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure. In an unsaturated solution, more solute can still be added and dissolved in the solvent. Choice A, a saturated solution, refers to a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved at a specific temperature and pressure, leading to equilibrium. Choice C, a supersaturated solution, contains more solute than it can normally hold at a specific temperature and pressure, achieved through special conditions followed by rapid cooling or evaporation. Choice D, a concentrated solution, refers to a solution with a high amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent, regardless of reaching the saturation point.

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