Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes eosinophils?

• A. A type of granulocyte that secretes histamine to stimulate the inflammatory response.
• B. The most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes substances toxic to pathogens.
• C. A type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites.
• D. A circulating granulocyte with high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eosinophils are best described as a type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites. They release toxic substances to combat parasitic infections and play a significant role in allergic reactions and asthma. Histamine secretion to stimulate inflammation is more characteristic of basophils, while high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness are features of neutrophils, not eosinophils. Describing eosinophils as the most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes toxic substances to pathogens is inaccurate since eosinophils specifically target multicellular parasites, not a broad range of pathogens.

2. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Esophagus
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is lined with specialized cells that facilitate the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. While the stomach plays a role in digestion by breaking down food with acid and enzymes, the actual absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach, but it does not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.

3. What energy conversion occurs in a solar cell?

• A. Electrical energy to light energy
• B. Chemical energy to electrical energy
• C. Solar energy to thermal energy
• D. Solar energy to electrical energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, convert solar energy from sunlight directly into electrical energy through a process called the photovoltaic effect. This process involves the absorption of photons from sunlight, which then generate an electric current. Choice A is incorrect because solar cells do not convert electrical energy into light energy. Choice B is incorrect as solar cells do not involve chemical energy conversion. Choice C is incorrect because solar cells do not primarily convert solar energy into thermal energy. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Solar energy to electrical energy.

4. During REM sleep, which type of brain wave activity is often seen and associated with dreaming?

• A. Delta waves
• B. Alpha waves
• C. Beta waves
• D. Theta waves

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Theta waves are the correct answer as they are often seen during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, the stage of sleep closely related to dreaming. Theta waves have a frequency of 4-7 Hz and are typically present during deep relaxation, meditation, and light sleep stages. Delta waves (choice A) are associated with deep sleep stages, not REM sleep. Alpha waves (choice B) are present during wakefulness and relaxation but not predominantly during REM sleep. Beta waves (choice C) are associated with alertness, problem-solving, and active thinking, not specifically with REM sleep or dreaming.

5. When a blockage forms in a coronary artery, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle, this condition is called:

• A. Atherosclerosis
• B. Myocardial infarction
• C. Angina pectoris
• D. Heart murmur

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when a blockage forms in a coronary artery, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to blockages but is not the name for this specific condition. Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort due to inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle, which is a precursor to a heart attack but not the name for this condition. A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, often due to turbulent blood flow, and is not related to a blockage in a coronary artery.

Similar Questions