Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes eosinophils?

• A. A type of granulocyte that secretes histamine to stimulate the inflammatory response.
• B. The most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes substances toxic to pathogens.
• C. A type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites.
• D. A circulating granulocyte with high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eosinophils are best described as a type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites. They release toxic substances to combat parasitic infections and play a significant role in allergic reactions and asthma. Histamine secretion to stimulate inflammation is more characteristic of basophils, while high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness are features of neutrophils, not eosinophils. Describing eosinophils as the most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes toxic substances to pathogens is inaccurate since eosinophils specifically target multicellular parasites, not a broad range of pathogens.

2. The term 'symbiotic relationship' describes an interaction between two organisms where:

• A. One organism benefits and the other is unaffected
• B. Both organisms are harmed by the interaction
• C. One organism benefits and the other is negatively impacted
• D. Both organisms benefit from the interaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a symbiotic relationship, both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. This mutually beneficial relationship can take different forms, such as mutualism where both organisms benefit, commensalism where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, or parasitism where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. In this case, the term 'symbiotic relationship' specifically refers to a scenario where both organisms derive some form of benefit from their interaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe a symbiotic relationship. In symbiosis, both organisms benefit, making option D the correct choice.

3. Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?

• A. Water
• B. Ethanol
• C. Acetone
• D. Hydrochloric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Water (option A) is a polar solvent due to its uneven distribution of charge, with the oxygen atom being partially negative and the hydrogen atoms being partially positive. - Ethanol (option B) is a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetrical molecular structure that does not result in significant charge separation. - Acetone (option C) is a polar solvent as it contains a carbonyl group that results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. - Hydrochloric acid (option D) is a polar solvent due to the presence of the highly electronegative chlorine atom, which results in a partial negative charge.

4. Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?

• A. They can be unicellular or multicellular
• B. They are all parasitic and cause disease in humans
• C. They play a vital role in decomposition and nutrient cycling
• D. Some are used in food production, like mushrooms

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) This statement is true. Fungi can exist in both unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds and mushrooms) forms. B) This statement is false. While some fungi can be parasitic and cause diseases in humans, not all fungi exhibit this behavior. Many fungi are beneficial and play essential roles in ecosystems. C) This statement is true. Fungi are crucial for decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. They break down organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the environment. D) This statement is true. Some fungi, like mushrooms, are used in food production and are consumed by humans.

5. What is the unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI)?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Joule (J)
• D. Meter per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI) is the Newton (N). One Newton is defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. Therefore, the correct answer is Newton (N). The other choices are incorrect because: B) Kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass, not force; C) Joule (J) is a unit of energy; D) Meter per second squared (m/s²) is a unit of acceleration, not force.

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