Nursing Elites

1. During an interview, the nurse states, 'You mentioned shortness of breath. Tell me more about that.' Which verbal skill is used with this statement?

• A. Reflection
• B. Facilitation
• C. Direct question
• D. Open-ended question

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nurse's statement, 'Tell me more about that,' is an example of an open-ended question. Open-ended questions encourage the interviewee to provide detailed information and expand on their responses. This type of question is useful for gathering narrative information and allows the interviewee to express themselves freely. Reflection involves restating or paraphrasing the client's words, facilitation encourages the client to say more, and direct questions typically elicit specific, close-ended responses, unlike open-ended questions.

2. When evaluating the reliability of a patient's responses, which of these statements would be correct? The patient:

• A. has a history of drug abuse and therefore is not reliable.
• B. provided consistent information and therefore is reliable.
• C. smiled throughout the interview and therefore is assumed reliable.
• D. would not answer questions concerning stress and therefore is not reliable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In evaluating the reliability of a patient's responses, consistency in the information provided by the patient is crucial. When a patient provides consistent information, it indicates that their responses are trustworthy and reliable. In this scenario, the nurse can consider the patient as reliable based on the consistency of the information provided. Other factors such as a history of drug abuse, smiling behavior, or refusal to answer certain questions may not necessarily determine the reliability of the patient's responses. Therefore, the correct choice is B as consistency in responses is a more reliable indicator of trustworthiness than other factors mentioned in the choices.

3. During an interview, the interviewer is using open-ended questions. Which of the following statements are true regarding open-ended questions? Select all that apply.

• A. They elicit cold facts.
• B. They allow for self-expression.
• C. They build and enhance deviation from topic
• D. They leave interactions neutral.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Open-ended questions are designed to encourage the interviewee to express themselves freely, leading to more detailed and insightful responses. These questions help build rapport by showing interest in the interviewee's thoughts and feelings. By allowing for self-expression, open-ended questions facilitate a deeper and more meaningful conversation, making them a valuable tool in conducting interviews. Choice A is incorrect because open-ended questions aim to gather detailed and subjective information, not just cold facts. Choice D is incorrect as open-ended questions often lead to more engaging interactions rather than leaving them neutral.

4. In the majority culture of America, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are symptoms of an illness. For some individuals of Mexican-American origin, however, these symptoms are a normal part of living. The nurse recognizes that this is true, probably because Mexican-Americans:

• A. have less efficient immune systems and are often ill.
• B. consider these symptoms a part of normal living, not symptoms of ill health.
• C. come from Mexico where coughing is normal and healthy.
• D. are usually in a lower socioeconomic group and are more likely to be sick.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In Mexican-American culture, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are often considered normal bodily functions and not necessarily indicative of illness. This cultural perspective shapes their understanding of health and illness, leading them to view these symptoms differently than the majority culture in America. Choice A is incorrect because it generalizes Mexican-Americans as having less efficient immune systems, which is not supported by evidence. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing the perception solely to coming from Mexico. Choice D is incorrect as it makes unwarranted assumptions about the socioeconomic status and health status of Mexican-Americans.

5. When planning a cultural assessment, which component should be included?

• A. Family history
• B. Chief complaint
• C. Medical history
• D. Health-related beliefs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When planning a cultural assessment, the nurse should include the component of health-related beliefs. Understanding a person's cultural background and beliefs about health and wellness is crucial for providing culturally competent care. Health-related beliefs can impact a person's attitudes towards illness, treatment preferences, and adherence to medical recommendations. Therefore, assessing health-related beliefs is essential for delivering effective and respectful healthcare services. Choices A, B, and C are important components of a comprehensive patient assessment but are not specific to cultural considerations. While family history, chief complaint, and medical history are pertinent to understanding a patient's health status, health-related beliefs focus specifically on the cultural aspect that influences an individual's health perceptions and behaviors.

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