Nursing Elites

1. Calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels, is produced by the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Parathyroid gland
• C. Thymus gland
• D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting the breakdown of bone and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys. The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which works in opposition to calcitonin to regulate calcium levels. The thymus gland is involved in the development of the immune system, and the adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland as it specifically secretes calcitonin for calcium regulation.

2. Where does sperm production occur?

• A. Prostate gland
• B. Seminal vesicles
• C. Scrotum
• D. Seminiferous tubules

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes. These tubules are responsible for spermatogenesis, the process of sperm creation. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles contribute to seminal fluid production, while the scrotum houses the testes but does not produce sperm. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not sites for sperm production.

3. What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

• A. Bacteria
• B. Viruses
• C. Fungi
• D. Parasites

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Aseptic meningitis is typically caused by viral infections, such as enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, echovirus), herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and others. These viruses can infect the meninges, leading to inflammation and symptoms of meningitis without the presence of bacteria. While bacterial meningitis is a serious and life-threatening condition, aseptic meningitis caused by viruses is usually less severe and has a better prognosis. Fungi and parasites are less common causes of meningitis compared to bacteria and viruses.

4. Which of the following is considered an extensive property?

• A. Weight
• B. Density
• C. Conductivity
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight is correctly identified as an extensive property. Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of the substance present. Weight is directly proportional to the quantity of the substance, making it an extensive property. In contrast, density, conductivity, and malleability are intensive properties, which remain constant regardless of the amount of substance. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Weight' as it changes with the quantity of the substance, aligning with the definition of an extensive property.

5. Antibodies, crucial for immune defense, are produced by:

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Monocytes
• D. Basophils

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Antibodies are produced by a specific type of lymphocyte known as B cells. B cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune system and are responsible for producing antibodies in response to pathogens. Neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils are types of white blood cells that are part of the innate immune response and do not have the function of producing antibodies. Neutrophils are primarily involved in phagocytosis, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells for antigen presentation, while basophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

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