Nursing Elites

1. Bile, a digestive juice, is produced by which organ?

• A. Stomach
• B. Liver
• C. Pancreas
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The stomach (Choice A) produces gastric juices, not bile. The pancreas (Choice C) produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate but not bile. The small intestine (Choice D) is where bile is released to aid in digestion but is not the organ that produces bile.

2. What is the process by which cells respond to external stimuli, such as chemicals, temperature, or touch, called?

• A. Signal transduction
• B. Homeostasis
• C. Adaptation
• D. Metabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Signal transduction is the correct answer. It is the process by which cells respond to external stimuli like chemicals, temperature, or touch. When a cell receives a signal from its environment, it triggers a series of molecular events leading to a specific cellular response. This process involves transmitting signals from the cell surface to the interior, triggering various cellular activities. Homeostasis, on the other hand, refers to an organism's ability to maintain internal stability in response to external changes. Adaptation involves an organism adjusting to its environment over time through genetic changes or behavioral modifications, which is distinct from the process of cells responding to immediate external stimuli. Metabolism, although essential for cellular functions, is not specifically about cells responding to external stimuli but rather the biochemical processes involved in energy production, storage, and utilization within cells.

3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating the body's metabolism?

• A. Insulin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Melatonin
• D. Adrenaline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyroxine, also known as T4, is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a vital role in regulating the body's metabolism. Insulin is not responsible for regulating metabolism; instead, it helps regulate blood sugar levels. Melatonin is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a stress hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight responses, not primarily involved in metabolic regulation.

4. Which term is used to classify reactions that require light energy to proceed?

• A. Combustion reactions
• B. Endothermic reactions
• C. Photochemical reactions
• D. Double displacement reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reactions that require light energy to proceed are classified as photochemical reactions. Photochemical reactions involve the absorption of light energy to initiate a chemical reaction. Combustion reactions involve the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen, endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings, and double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds. Therefore, the correct term for reactions requiring light energy is 'photochemical reactions,' making option C the correct answer.

5. What is the primary function of lymph nodes, small, bean-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels?

• A. To store excess lymph fluid
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To filter lymph and fight infection
• D. To transport lymph to the heart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph nodes primarily function to filter lymph and fight infection. They contain immune cells that help to remove pathogens and foreign particles from the lymph fluid as it passes through the nodes. This process helps to activate the immune response and defend the body against infections. Choice A is incorrect as lymph nodes do not store excess lymph fluid; they filter lymph. Choice B is incorrect as the production of red blood cells primarily occurs in the bone marrow, not in lymph nodes. Choice D is incorrect as lymph nodes do not transport lymph to the heart; they filter and process lymph to remove impurities and activate the immune response.

Similar Questions