Nursing Elites

1. Which organ's primary role is the production of bile and other metabolic functions such as blood sugar regulation and detoxification?

• A. Gallbladder
• B. Pancreas
• C. Liver
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver is responsible for producing bile, regulating blood sugar levels, and detoxifying the blood. Bile produced by the liver is stored in the gallbladder. The pancreas primarily functions in digestion by producing enzymes and insulin, while the stomach is mainly involved in breaking down food through the secretion of gastric juices.

2. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain, primarily reflecting the activity of:

• A. Neurons
• B. Astrocytes
• C. Oligodendrocytes
• D. Microglia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, primarily reflecting the activity of neurons. Neurons are the primary cells responsible for generating electrical impulses and transmitting information in the brain. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are other types of cells in the brain that have different functions and are not primarily involved in generating the electrical activity measured by EEG. Astrocytes support neuronal function, oligodendrocytes produce myelin to insulate axons, and microglia are involved in immune responses and maintaining brain health, but they do not generate the electrical impulses detected by EEG.

3. Most catalysts found in biological systems are which of the following?

• A. Special lipids called cofactors.
• B. Special proteins called enzymes.
• C. Special lipids called enzymes.
• D. Special proteins called cofactors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems. They accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic pathways and are essential for various biological processes. While some enzymes may require cofactors for activity, the enzymes themselves are the catalysts in biological systems. Therefore, choice B, special proteins called enzymes, is the most suitable answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enzymes, not lipids, are the primary catalysts in biological systems.

4. When sugar is heated, it breaks down into carbon and water vapor. This is an example of a:

• A. Combination reaction
• B. Decomposition reaction
• C. Double displacement reaction
• D. Single displacement reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decomposition reaction. When sugar is heated, it undergoes a decomposition reaction where it breaks down into simpler substances, carbon, and water vapor. In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This process is the opposite of a combination reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Choice A, Combination reaction, is incorrect because a combination reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a new compound, which is the opposite of what happens when sugar breaks down. Choices C and D, Double displacement reaction and Single displacement reaction, are incorrect as they involve different mechanisms where the atoms or ions of the reactants are exchanged, which is not the case in the breakdown of sugar into carbon and water vapor.

5. Which cellular organelle is used for digestion to recycle materials?

• A. The Golgi apparatus
• B. The lysosome
• C. The centrioles
• D. The mitochondria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lysosome is the correct cellular organelle used for digestion to recycle materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and ingested substances. This process helps in recycling nutrients and maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the centrioles play a role in cell division, and the mitochondria are responsible for energy production. However, none of these organelles are primarily used for digestion and recycling of materials within the cell.

Similar Questions