Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a wave determines its energy?

• A. Wavelength
• B. Amplitude
• C. Frequency
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The energy of a wave is determined by its amplitude, which is the measure of its maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. Waves with higher amplitudes carry more energy as energy is directly proportional to amplitude. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Amplitude. Choice A (Wavelength) does not determine the energy of a wave; it is related to the spatial length between wave crests. Choice C (Frequency) is not the property that determines a wave's energy; it refers to the number of complete oscillations a wave undergoes in a given time. Choice D (Velocity) is the speed at which a wave propagates through a medium and is not directly related to its energy.

2. Which organ stores and concentrates bile?

• A. Liver
• B. Gallbladder
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gallbladder. The gallbladder is the organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until it is released into the small intestine when needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the liver produces bile, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, and the stomach is primarily involved in the digestion of food through acid secretion and mechanical processes, not in storing bile.

3. Which type of energy is possessed by an object due to its position or configuration?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Thermal energy
• C. Potential energy
• D. Electrical energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its position or configuration. It is considered stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy to do work. When an object is lifted against gravity or compressed, it gains potential energy. Kinetic energy, the incorrect choice A, is the energy of motion possessed by an object. Thermal energy, the incorrect choice B, is related to the temperature of an object due to the motion of its particles. Electrical energy, the incorrect choice D, is related to the flow of electric charge in a circuit or system. Therefore, the correct answer is potential energy as it is associated with an object's position or configuration.

4. Which statement accurately describes the periodic trends in atomic radius?

• A. Increases down a group and decreases across a period
• B. Decreases down a group and increases across a period
• C. Remains constant throughout the table
• D. Fluctuates unpredictably based on individual elements

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period. When moving down a group, additional electron shells increase the distance from the nucleus, leading to larger atomic radii. On the other hand, when moving across a period, the number of electron shells remains constant, but the increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer, resulting in smaller radii. Choice B is incorrect because atomic radius does not decrease down a group and increase across a period. Choice C is incorrect because atomic radius does not remain constant; it exhibits specific trends. Choice D is incorrect because atomic radius follows predictable trends based on the periodic table structure, rather than fluctuating unpredictably.

5. When sugar is heated, it breaks down into carbon and water vapor. This is an example of a:

• A. Combination reaction
• B. Decomposition reaction
• C. Double displacement reaction
• D. Single displacement reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decomposition reaction. When sugar is heated, it undergoes a decomposition reaction where it breaks down into simpler substances, carbon, and water vapor. In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This process is the opposite of a combination reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Choice A, Combination reaction, is incorrect because a combination reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a new compound, which is the opposite of what happens when sugar breaks down. Choices C and D, Double displacement reaction and Single displacement reaction, are incorrect as they involve different mechanisms where the atoms or ions of the reactants are exchanged, which is not the case in the breakdown of sugar into carbon and water vapor.

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