Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nerves has the longest axon in the human body?

• A. Dorsal root ganglion
• B. Laryngeal nerve
• C. Sciatic nerve
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sciatic nerve contains the longest axon in the human body, extending from the lower back down the leg. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower limb. The dorsal root ganglion and laryngeal nerve do not possess axons as long as the sciatic nerve, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the sciatic nerve.

2. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles?

• A. Autonomic nervous system
• B. Peripheral nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Sympathetic nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles. This system consists of motor neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing for conscious control over movement. The autonomic nervous system (A) controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion, the peripheral nervous system (B) includes all nerves outside the central nervous system, and the sympathetic nervous system (D) is a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically regulate voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, which is a function of the somatic nervous system.

3. Which muscular tube carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureter
• C. Urethra
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ureter. The ureter is the muscular tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries in the nephron where filtration of blood occurs.

4. Which of the following best describes a group of cells working together?

• A. Organelle
• B. Tissue
• C. Organ
• D. Organ system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tissue. Tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organelle refers to specialized structures within a cell, organ is a structure made up of different types of tissues working together, and organ system is a group of organs working together to perform complex functions. Therefore, tissue is the most appropriate term to describe a group of cells working together.

5. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply to this reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O?

• A. Electrons are not lost.
• B. The hydrogen does not lose mass.
• C. New water molecules are formed.
• D. There is no decrease or increase in matter.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. In the given reaction, 2 moles of hydrogen combine with 1 mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of water. The total mass of the reactants (hydrogen and oxygen) is equal to the total mass of the products (water), meaning there is no decrease or increase in matter. The total mass of the system remains constant, demonstrating the conservation of mass. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the conservation of mass does not specifically relate to electrons, individual elements (like hydrogen), or the formation of new molecules; instead, it focuses on the overall mass of the system before and after the reaction.

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