Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the lungs?

• A. To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
• B. To coordinate movement and sensory information
• C. To filter waste products from the blood
• D. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The main function of the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. This process occurs through the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen from inhaled air enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. Option A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body is primarily carried out by the circulatory system, not the lungs. Option B is incorrect as coordinating movement and sensory information is a function of the nervous system, not the lungs. Option C is incorrect as filtering waste products from the blood is primarily the role of the kidneys, not the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

2. Which statement is true regarding aromatic compounds?

• A. Contain a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds
• B. Readily undergo addition reactions
• C. Are easily broken down by water
• D. Do not contain any pi (π) bonds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Aromatic compounds contain a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds, known as a benzene ring. This alternating pattern of bonds gives aromatic compounds their stability and unique properties. Due to this resonance, aromatic compounds are less reactive towards addition reactions. Water does not easily break down aromatic compounds due to their stability from the delocalized electrons in the ring structure. Therefore, the correct statement is that aromatic compounds contain a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds, providing them with stability and unique properties. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Aromatic compounds do not readily undergo addition reactions (B), are not easily broken down by water (C), and do contain pi (π) bonds due to the presence of the alternating single and double bonds in the ring structure (D).

3. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, what happens to the total amount of energy in a closed system?

• A. Increases over time.
• B. Decreases over time.
• C. Remains constant.
• D. Depends on the temperature of the system.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. This principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed within the system but can only be transformed from one form to another. Therefore, the total energy within the system is conserved and does not change over time. Choice A is incorrect because the total energy in a closed system does not increase over time, as it remains constant. Choice B is incorrect as the total energy does not decrease over time within a closed system. Choice D is incorrect as the conservation of energy is not dependent on the temperature of the system, but rather on the transformation and conservation of energy within the system. Understanding this concept is fundamental for understanding the behavior of energy in various physical systems and processes.

4. Which concentration unit depends on pressure?

• A. ppm
• B. ppb
• C. molarity
• D. molarity, ppb, and ppm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: molarity.' Molarity is the concentration unit that depends on pressure. In molarity, the concentration of a solution is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. This means that changes in pressure can affect the volume of the solution and consequently the concentration. Choices A and B, ppm (parts per million) and ppb (parts per billion), respectively, are independent of pressure variations as they are based on mass ratios. Therefore, molarity is the only concentration unit listed that is directly influenced by changes in pressure.

5. Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine by enhancing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This helps in regulating the levels of these minerals in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, but it is not directly related to calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is primarily known for its role in collagen synthesis and antioxidant functions, not calcium absorption. Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant and is not directly involved in calcium absorption in the small intestine.

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